| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 2g |
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| 5g |
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Purity: ≥98%
Tripelennamine HCl (Pyrinamine; Stanzamine; Tripelennamine; Pyribenzamine), the hydrochloride salt of Tripelennamine, is a potent histamine H1 receptor antagonist that has been widely used as an antipruritic agent. It functions by preventing PhIP glucuronidation at an IC50 of 30 μM.
| Targets |
H1 receptor ( IC50 = 30 μM )
Histamine H1 receptor (H1R) [1] |
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro activity: Tripelennamine is a substrate of the tertiary amine UDP-glucuronosyltransferases that catalyze the synthesis of glucuronides linked to ammonium ions in quaternary systems. Tripelennamine uses a combination of competitive and noncompetitive inhibition to prevent the glucuronidation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) in rabbit and human liver microsomes. The vibrational pattern of a fully neutral molecule in alkaline solution differs from that of the aminopyridine chromophore in tripelennamine at neutral pH, where the aminoalkyl chain is protonated.
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| ln Vivo |
Triphennamine HCl (i.v.) excites the central nervous system (CNS) in standing horses. This results in the horses becoming extremely alert, agitated, and uncomfortable, as seen by their head being raised and neck muscles being tense, their eyes and ears moving too quickly, their tails swishing briskly, and their front feet stomping and pawing. As a result, standing horses with tripelenamine hydrochloride treatment have much higher hemoglobin concentrations. The mixed venous blood O2 tension, hemoglobin-O2 saturation, and arterial and mixed venous blood O2 contents of standing horses are all significantly increased by tripelennamine HCl (i.v.); however, the standing horse's arterial-to-mixed-venous O2 content gradient is not as much affected. In both horses and camels, tripelennamine HCl (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) produces total body clearances of 0.97 and 0.84 L/h/kg and terminal elimination half-lives of 2.39 and 2.08 hours. The central compartment volumes in the two compartment pharmacokinetic model are 1.75 and 1.06 L/kg, while the distribution volumes at steady state are 2.87 and 1.69 L/kg.
Exercising Thoroughbred horses (4-6 years old, 450-550 kg) were administered Tripelennamine HCl (0.5 mg/kg) via intravenous injection 30 minutes before exercise. During submaximal and maximal exercise, the drug did not affect arterial hypoxemia (arterial oxygen partial pressure, hemoglobin oxygen saturation) compared to saline control. Heart rate and blood lactate concentration also remained unchanged [1] |
| Animal Protocol |
0.5 mg/kg i.v.
Horses Thoroughbred horse exercise experiment: Healthy 4-6-year-old Thoroughbred horses (450-550 kg) were acclimated to treadmill exercise for 2 weeks. Tripelennamine HCl was dissolved in physiological saline and administered via intravenous injection (0.5 mg/kg) 30 minutes before exercise. Horses performed submaximal exercise (6 m/s for 5 minutes) followed by maximal exercise (until fatigue). Arterial blood samples were collected before exercise, during exercise, and immediately post-exercise to measure oxygen-related parameters, heart rate, and blood lactate [1] - Horse and camel pharmacokinetic experiment: Healthy adult horses (400-450 kg) and camels (450-500 kg) were administered Tripelennamine HCl (1 mg/kg) via intravenous injection. Blood samples were collected at 0, 5, 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours post-administration. Plasma drug concentration was measured via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters [2] |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Humans: Oral bioavailability is 60-65%; peak plasma concentration (Cmax) is reached 1-2 hours after oral administration (50 mg dose: Cmax = 190 ng/mL) [3] - Humans: Volume of distribution (Vd) is 2.8 L/kg; widely distributed in tissues [3] - Humans: Metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and 3A4; major metabolites are inactive [3] - Humans: 70% of the dose is excreted in the urine (40% as the original drug and 30% as metabolites), and 25% is excreted in the feces. Elimination half-life (t1/2) is 6-8 hours [3] - Humans: plasma protein binding rate is 85-90% [3] - Horses: after intravenous injection (1 mg/kg), volume of distribution (Vd) = 1.5 L/kg, t1/2 = 4.2 hours, systemic clearance (Cl) = 0.26 L/kg/h [2] - Camels: after intravenous injection (1 mg/kg), volume of distribution (Vd) = 1.8 L/kg, t1/2 = 5.8 hours, Cl = 0.21 L/kg/h [2]
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Tripelenamine hydrochloride is an odorless white crystalline powder or solid with a bitter taste. The solution is neutral to litmus paper. Aqueous solution (25 mg/mL): pH 6.71; Aqueous solution (50 mg/mL): pH 6.67; Aqueous solution (100 mg/mL): pH 5.56. (NTP, 1992)
Tripeneramine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride form of tripenamine, an ethylenediamine derivative with antihistamine properties. Triperamine hydrochloride competitively blocks central and peripheral histamine H1 receptors, thereby limiting the effects of histamine, including bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and gastrointestinal smooth muscle spasmodic contractions. In addition, the drug can bind to muscarinic receptors, thereby producing anticholinergic activity. It is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist with a weak sedative effect, but often causes gastrointestinal irritation. This drug is used to treat asthma, hay fever, urticaria and rhinitis, and can also be used in the veterinary field. Triperamine can be administered via a variety of routes, including topical application. See also: Triperamine (containing active ingredient). Triperamine hydrochloride is a first-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist [1]. Its core mechanism is to block histamine-mediated allergic reactions by competitively antagonizing H1R [1]. Indications include allergic rhinitis, urticaria and pruritus, and can relieve symptoms such as sneezing and itchy skin [1]. At the test dose (0.5 mg/kg, intravenous injection), it does not affect arterial hypoxemia or exercise capacity in thoroughbred horses [1]. Pharmacokinetic parameters differ among species: the elimination half-life is longer in camels than in horses, while the volume of distribution is higher in humans than in both species [2,3]. After oral administration, the bioavailability in humans is moderate, and it is mainly excreted in urine. [3] |
| Molecular Formula |
C16H22CLN3
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| Molecular Weight |
291.82
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| Exact Mass |
291.15
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 65.85; H, 7.60; Cl, 12.15; N, 14.40
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| CAS # |
154-69-8
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| Related CAS # |
Tripelennamine; 91-81-6; Tripelennamine citrate; 6138-56-3
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| PubChem CID |
9066
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.20
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| Boiling Point |
387.8ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
192-193ºC
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| Flash Point |
188.3ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
3.21E-06mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
3.451
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
20
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| Complexity |
236
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
Cl[H].N(C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=N1)(C([H])([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
FSSICIQKZGUEAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H21N3.ClH/c1-18(2)12-13-19(16-10-6-7-11-17-16)14-15-8-4-3-5-9-15;/h3-11H,12-14H2,1-2H3;1H
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| Chemical Name |
N'-benzyl-N,N-dimethyl-N'-pyridin-2-ylethane-1,2-diamine;hydrochloride
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| Synonyms |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 33.33 mg/mL (114.21 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.4268 mL | 17.1338 mL | 34.2677 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6854 mL | 3.4268 mL | 6.8535 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3427 mL | 1.7134 mL | 3.4268 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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