| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5g |
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| 25g |
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Purity: ≥98%
Thymidine (also known as deoxythymidine; other names deoxyribosylthymine, thymine deoxyriboside) is a pyrimidine deoxynucleoside used as a cell synchronizing agent. The nucleoside T in double-stranded DNA is deoxythymidine, and it pairs with deoxyadenosine (A). It synchronizes the cells in the G1/early S phase, which is useful in cell biology.
| Targets |
Microbial Metabolite; DNA Synthesis; Human Endogenous Metabolite
Thymidine is involved in the process of DNA synthesis, serving as a precursor for deoxyribonucleotide synthesis, which is essential for DNA replication. It does not act as an inhibitor of specific enzymes but rather participates in nucleotide metabolism as a substrate. |
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| ln Vitro |
Thymidine (NSC 21548), a pyrimidine nucleoside that pairs with adenine during DNA synthesis. It is made up of the pyrimidine base thymine attached to the sugar deoxyribose.[1]
- In cell synchronization experiments using the double thymidine block method, treatment with thymidine leads to the accumulation of cells at the G1/S phase boundary. After releasing the block, cells proceed through the cell cycle synchronously, allowing for the study of cell cycle progression. [1] - Tritium-labelled thymidine is incorporated into newly synthesized DNA in tissue culture cells, enabling the visualization and localization of DNA synthesis sites via autoradiography. This demonstrates that thymidine is a key precursor for DNA synthesis in vitro. [2] |
| ln Vivo |
The loss of CD4+Vβ8+ and CD8+Vβ8+ T cells induced by thymidine and Tomudex is totally restored by thymidine (500 mg/kg; i.p.; twice daily) [3].
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| Cell Assay |
72 hours following the infection of shRNA lentiviruses, 4 mM thymidine is applied to MDA-MB-231 cells for 18 hours. At 0, 6, and 18 hours, release and harvest cells. Use FACS analysis to ascertain the cell cycle distribution.
- For double thymidine block: Cells are first treated with a certain concentration of thymidine for a period sufficient to block cells in S phase, then washed to remove thymidine and incubated in fresh medium to allow cells to progress through the cycle. After a specific interval, a second thymidine treatment is applied to synchronize cells at the G1/S boundary. [1] - For autoradiographic visualization: Tissue culture cells are incubated with tritium-labelled thymidine for a specified duration. Cells are then fixed, and autoradiographic procedures (including coating with emulsion, exposure, development, and staining) are performed to detect the incorporation of labelled thymidine into DNA. [2] |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: 8-12 weeks balb/c (Bagg ALBino) mouse [3]
Doses: 500 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; twice (two times) daily Experimental Results: After injection of SEB, methotrexate and Tomudex-induced Vβ8+ T were completely eliminated Cell loss. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Mouse(ip): LD50 2512 mg/kg
Toxicity Data Mouse(ip): LD50 2512 mg/kg |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Thymidine is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside having thymine as the nucleobase. It has a role as a metabolite, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a thymine. It is an enantiomer of a telbivudine.
Thymidine is a pyrimidine deoxynucleoside. Thymidine is the DNA nucleoside T, which pairs with deoxyadenosine (A) in double-stranded DNA. In cell biology it is used to synchronize the cells in S phase. Thymidine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Thymidine has been reported in Streptomyces piomogenus, Peucedanum japonicum, and other organisms with data available. Thymidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside that is composed of the pyrimidine base thymine attached to the sugar deoxyribose. As a constituent of DNA, thymidine pairs with adenine in the DNA double helix. (NCI04) Thymidine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A nucleoside in which THYMINE is linked to DEOXYRIBOSE. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H14N2O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
242.2286
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| Exact Mass |
242.09
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 49.58; H, 5.83; N, 11.56; O, 33.02
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| CAS # |
50-89-5
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| Related CAS # |
33430-62-5 (Thymidine-5-monophosphate disodium salt)
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| PubChem CID |
5789
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
510.1±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
187-189ºC
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| Flash Point |
262.3±32.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.674
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| LogP |
-0.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
381
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
O1[C@]([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])[C@]([H])(C([H])([H])[C@]1([H])N1C(N([H])C(C(C([H])([H])[H])=C1[H])=O)=O)O[H]
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| InChi Key |
IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-XLPZGREQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H14N2O5/c1-5-3-12(10(16)11-9(5)15)8-2-6(14)7(4-13)17-8/h3,6-8,13-14H,2,4H2,1H3,(H,11,15,16)/t6-,7+,8+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
1-[(2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-dione
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| Synonyms |
DThyd; Deoxyribothymidine; Deoxythymidine; NSC 21548; NSC-21548; NSC21548; Thymidin; deoxythymidine; 2'-Deoxythymidine; 5-Methyldeoxyuridine; Thymidin; Beta-Thymidine; DThyd; AI3-52267; AI3 52267; AI352267
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.03.00
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 48~50 mg/mL (198.2~206.4 mM)
H2O: ~33.3 mg/mL (~137.6 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 20 mg/mL (82.57 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication (<60°C).
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.1283 mL | 20.6415 mL | 41.2831 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8257 mL | 4.1283 mL | 8.2566 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4128 mL | 2.0642 mL | 4.1283 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT03639701 | Active Recruiting |
Drug: Thymidine | Thymidine Kinase 2 Deficiency | Columbia University | May 16, 2017 | Phase 1 Phase 2 |
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