| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| 250mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Tenuifoliside A modulates multiple signaling pathways. It exhibits neurotrophic effects and promotes cell proliferation through the ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway in C6 glioma cells. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory effects are mediated through inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. The compound has been reported to inhibit ERK1 with IC₅₀ values in the nanomolar range.
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| ln Vitro |
Tenuifoliside A (6-30 μM; 24 hours) dramatically raises the viability of C6 cells in a concentration-dependent way. The 60 μM treatment group's activity was suppressed, though. Toxic effects are demonstrated by LDH release at only 60 μM TFSA [1]. It is observed that tenuifoliside A (10 μM; 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min) promptly and significantly phosphorylates ERK1/2 (peaking at 2 min). U0126, an ERK inhibitor, also partially inhibited the TFSA-induced elevation of phosphorylated ERK levels [1].
In vitro, Tenuifoliside A exhibits anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective activity in neuronal cell models. It promotes cell growth and proliferation through the ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway in C6 cells. The compound also demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. It exhibits cytoprotective effects on neuronal cells. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies have demonstrated antidepressant-like effects of Tenuifoliside A in animal models. The compound's neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities suggest potential therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Its effects may be mediated through BDNF/TrkB-ERK/PI3K-CREB signaling pathways.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays, Tenuifoliside A can be evaluated for its inhibitory activity against ERK1 and other kinases using cell-free kinase assays. Recombinant enzymes are incubated with varying concentrations of the compound and a substrate peptide in the presence of ATP. Phosphorylation levels are quantified using radioactive or fluorescence-based detection methods to determine IC₅₀ values.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based assays, Tenuifoliside A is typically tested on C6 glioma cells or primary neuronal cells. Cells are treated with the compound at various concentrations (typically 1-100 μM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CCK-8 assays. Apoptosis can be evaluated using flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining. Signaling pathway activation is analyzed by Western blotting for phosphorylated ERK, CREB, and BDNF expression.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, Tenuifoliside A is typically administered orally or intraperitoneally in rodent models of depression or neurodegeneration. Behavioral tests such as the forced swim test and tail suspension test are performed to evaluate antidepressant-like effects. Brain tissues are collected for biochemical analysis, including assessment of neurotransmitter levels and signaling pathway proteins.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of Tenuifoliside A have not been extensively characterized in the literature. As a glycoside natural product, it is expected to have moderate oral bioavailability and may undergo metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. Standard pharmacokinetic studies would involve administration to rodents followed by plasma collection and LC-MS/MS analysis to determine parameters such as Cmax, Tmax, half-life, and AUC.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Tenuifoliside A are limited in the published literature. As a natural product isolate, it is generally considered to have low toxicity at pharmacological doses based on its traditional use in herbal medicine. However, comprehensive toxicological studies have not been reported. Standard safety practices should be followed when handling the compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Tenuifoliside A is a hydroxycinnamic acid. It has been reported that Tenuifoliside A exists in Polygala tenuifolia and Polygala sibirica, and relevant data are available.
Tenuifoliside A is a research-use only compound and has not been approved for clinical applications. It is also known as细叶远志苷A in Chinese. The compound is isolated from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia, a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. Its molecular formula and weight are well-characterized, and it is available from various research chemical suppliers. |
| Molecular Formula |
C31H38O17
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
682.6232
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| Exact Mass |
682.21
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| CAS # |
139726-35-5
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| PubChem CID |
46933844
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
917.3±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
291.4±27.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.648
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| Source |
Originated from plants: Polygalaceae Polygala tenuifolia Willd.
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| LogP |
3.91
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
7
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
17
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
15
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| Heavy Atom Count |
48
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| Complexity |
1050
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
9
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| SMILES |
O1[C@]([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])[C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@]1(C([H])([H])O[H])O[C@]1([H])[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])OC(C2C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=2[H])O[H])=O)O1)O[H])O[H])O[H])OC(/C(/[H])=C(\[H])/C1C([H])=C(C(=C(C=1[H])OC([H])([H])[H])OC([H])([H])[H])OC([H])([H])[H])=O)O[H]
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| InChi Key |
BBUQNXDJRVCZTI-FNUXIAMKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C31H38O17/c1-41-18-10-15(11-19(42-2)27(18)43-3)4-9-22(35)46-28-24(37)20(12-32)47-31(28,14-33)48-30-26(39)25(38)23(36)21(45-30)13-44-29(40)16-5-7-17(34)8-6-16/h4-11,20-21,23-26,28,30,32-34,36-39H,12-14H2,1-3H3/b9-4+/t20-,21-,23-,24-,25+,26-,28+,30-,31+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(E)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~146.49 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.66 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.66 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.4649 mL | 7.3247 mL | 14.6494 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2930 mL | 1.4649 mL | 2.9299 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1465 mL | 0.7325 mL | 1.4649 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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