Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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250mg |
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500mg |
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1g |
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2g |
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5g |
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10g |
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Other Sizes |
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Purity: ≥98%
Stavudine (also known as BMY-27857, Sanilvudine, NSC 163661, and d4T) is a potent antiretroviral medication of the nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NARTI) class, it is active against HIV and has been approved for preventing and treating HIV/AIDS. Stavudine alteres the lipid phenotype, decreasing the lipid content and expression of markers involved in lipid metabolism, namely C/EBPalpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, adipocyte lipid binding protein 2, fatty acid synthase and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase.
ln Vitro |
In THP-1 derived macrophages, stavudine (d4T) (50 μM) dramatically lowers IL-18 production, NLRP3 inflammasome gene expression, and Aβ 42-stimulated cellular production of IL-1β[3]. Stavudine (d4T) (50 μM) suppresses the phagocytosis of Aβ 42 by macrophages and prevents the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex[3]. Stavudine (d4T) (10 μM, 7 or 14 days) increased hydrogen peroxide levels and strongly caused apoptosis in CEM cells, particularly after 14 days[4].
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ln Vivo |
In male RjOrl Swiss mice, stavudine (d4T) (500 mg/kg, daily liquid, 2 weeks) can quickly cause fat depletion and minor liver damage at high doses[5].
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Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Male RjOrl Swiss mice weighing 0.028-0.03 kg[1]
Doses: 500 mg/kg Route of Administration: Daily liquid; 2 weeks Experimental Results: decreased fat weight gain by 58%, 5.7 g in the control group and 4.9 g in the d4T treated group. Dramatically elevated plasma ALT and LDH levels. decreased plasma acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid levels. decreased liver and muscle mtDNA levels at high dose concentration of 500 mg/kg. |
References |
[1]. Moyle GJ, et al. The role of stavudine in the management of adults with HIV infection. Antivir Ther. 1997;2(4):207-218.
[2]. Riddler SA, et al. Antiretroviral activity of stavudine (2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine, D4T). Antiviral Res. 1995;27(3):189-203. [3]. La Rosa F, et al. Stavudine Reduces NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Modulates Amyloid-β Autophagy. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;72(2):401-412. [4]. Ferraresi R, et al. Protective effect of acetyl-L-carnitine against oxidative stress induced by antiretroviral drugs. FEBS Lett. 2006;580(28-29):6612-6616. [5]. Anissa Igoudjil, et al. High doses of stavudine induce fat wasting and mild liver damage without impairing mitochondrial respiration in mice. Antivir Ther. 2007;12(3):389-400. |
Molecular Formula |
C10H12N2O4
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Molecular Weight |
224.21
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CAS # |
3056-17-5
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SMILES |
OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=C(C)C(NC2=O)=O)C=C1
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Synonyms |
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
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Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 4.4601 mL | 22.3005 mL | 44.6010 mL | |
5 mM | 0.8920 mL | 4.4601 mL | 8.9202 mL | |
10 mM | 0.4460 mL | 2.2301 mL | 4.4601 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.