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Spironolactone (SC9420)

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Cat No.:V1770 Purity: ≥98%
Spironolactone(SC9420; SC-9420; SC 9420; Spiresis; Spiridon) is a potent androgen receptor/AR antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity.
Spironolactone (SC9420)
Spironolactone (SC9420) Chemical Structure CAS No.: 52-01-7
Product category: Androgen Receptor
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
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Purity & Quality Control Documentation

Purity: ≥98%

Product Description

Spironolactone (SC9420; SC-9420; SC 9420; Spiresis; Spiridon) is a potent androgen receptor/AR antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity. It inhibits AR with an IC50 of 77 nM. Spironolactone has been approved for the treatment of fluid build-up caused by heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease. It can also be used to treat high blood pressure, low blood potassium that does not improve with supplementation, early puberty, excessive hair growth in women, and as a component of hormone replacement therapy for trans women.

Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
ln Vitro

In vitro activity: Spironolactone is a strong AR antagonist (IC50 ~ 77 nM), a weak GR antagonist (IC50 ~ 2.4 μM), and a weak PR agonist (EC50 ~ 740 nM). Spironolactone inhibits androstanolone binding in rat prostate nuclei and androstanolone specific binding in rat prostate cytosol.

ln Vivo
Spironolactone (1 mg/day) exerts anti-androgenic activity in rats. A single pretreatment of spironolactone (1 mg/rat) inhibits specific and saturable uptake of hormone into prostate induced by tracer dose administration of [3H]testosterone.
Animal Protocol
1 mg/day
Rats
ADME/Pharmacokinetics
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
The mean time to reach peak plasma concentration of spironolactone and the active metabolite, canrenone, in healthy volunteers is 2.6 and 4.3 hours, respectively. Food increased the bioavailability of spironolactone (as measured by AUC) by approximately 95.4%.
The metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine and secondarily in bile. Metabolites of spironolactone are excreted in urine (42-56%) and in the feces (14.2-14.6%). No unmetabolized spironolactone is present in the urine.
At the time spironolactone was introduced for clinical use, its bioavailability was inadequate, and this was improved by preparing the drug in finely powdered or micronized form. The absolute bioavailability was indirectly estimated at approximately 73%, which was enhanced in the presence of food. Nearly all absorbed spironolactone (> 90 %) is bound to plasma proteins and, with repeated dosing, a steady state is achieved within 8 days. After oral intake of a 100-mg dose, the plasma half-time of spironolactone was 1-2 h, the time to maximum plasma concentration was 2-3.2 hr, the maximum blood concentration was 92-148 ng/mL, the area under the concentration--time (0-24 hr) curve was 1430-1541 ng/mL per hr and the elimination half-time was 18-20 hr.
The disposition of (14)C spironolactone was studied in male rats, female dogs and female monkeys after intravenous or oral administration of 5 mg/kg bw. Gastrointestinal absorption was estimated to be 82% in rats, 62% in dogs and 103% in monkeys. Spironolactone was extensively metabolized in all three species, and the metabolites were excreted primarily in the urine and feces. The amount of radiolabel excreted in urine or feces of all three species was similar after intravenous and after oral dosing. In monkeys, as in humans, the amounts excreted in urine and feces were about equal, while fecal excretion predominated in rats and dogs as a result of biliary excretion. After the oral dose, the percentage of urinary excretion was 4.7% in rats, 18% in dogs and 46% in monkeys. The high excretion of radiolabel in the feces of rats (90%) after intravenous administration shows the importance of biliary excretion for that species. Species differences were also noted in the biotransformation of spironolactone. ...
Absorption of spironolactone from the GI tract depends on the formulation in which it is administered. Currently available formulations of spironolactone are well absorbed from the GI tract and bioavailability of the drug exceeds 90% when compared to an optimally absorbed spironolactone solution in polyethylene glycol 400. Following a single oral dose of spironolactone, peak serum concentrations of the drug occur within 1-2 hours, and peak serum concentrations of its principal metabolites are attained within 2-4 hours. When spironolactone is administered concomitantly with food, peak serum concentrations and areas under the serum concentration-time curves (AUCs) of the drug and, to a lesser degree, its principal metabolites are increased substantially compared with the fasting state...
Spironolactone and canrenone, a major metabolite of the drug, are both more than 90% bound to plasma proteins. Spironolactone or its metabolites may cross the placenta. Canrenone, a major metabolite of spironolactone, is distributed into milk.
Metabolism / Metabolites
Spironolactone is rapidly and extensively metabolized to form different metabolites. A group of metabolites are formed when sulfur of spironolactone is removed, such as [canrenone]. Sulfur is retained in another group of metabolites, including 7-alpha (α)-thiomethylspironolactone (TMS) and 6-beta (ß)-hydroxy-7-alpha (α)-thiomethylspirolactone (HTMS). Spironolactone is firstly deacetylated to 7-α-thiospironolactone. 7-α-thiospironolactone is S-methylated to TMS, which is the primary metabolite, or dethioacetylated to canrenone. TMS and HTMS can be further metabolized. In humans, the potencies of TMS and 7-α-thiospirolactone in reversing the effects of the synthetic mineralocorticoid, fludrocortisone, on urinary electrolyte composition were approximately a third relative to spironolactone. However, since the serum concentrations of these steroids were not determined, their incomplete absorption and/or first-pass metabolism could not be ruled out as a reason for their reduced _in vivo_ activities.
Spironolactone is rapidly and extensively metabolized to compounds that are excreted in the urine and faeces. It undergoes enterohepatic recirculation, but no unchanged drug appears in urine or feces. The metabolites of spironolactone can be divided into two main groups: those in which the sulfur moiety is retained and those in which the sulfur is removed by dethioacetylation. For many years, it was thought that the dethioacetylated metabolite, canrenone, was the major metabolite; however, with more specific analytical methods such as HPLC, 7alpha-thiomethylspirolactone was recognized as the major metabolite of spironolactone. This metabolite is formed by hydrolysis of the thioacetate group to form 7alpha-thiospirolactone (as an intermediate), followed by S-methylation to 7alpha-thiomethylspirolactone. This can then be hydroxylated to form 6â-hydroxy-7alpha-thiomethylspirolactone and oxidized to form 7alpha-methylsulfinyl- and 7alpha-methylsulfonylspirolactone or via sulfoxidation to form 6alpha-hydroxy-7alpha-methylsulfinyl- and 6beta-hydroxy-7alpha-methylsulfonylspirolactone. For formation of the group of metabolites in which sulfur is removed, 7alpha-thiomethylspirolactone is also dethioacetylated to canrenone, which is further metabolized by three pathways: hydrolysis of the gamma-lactone ring to form canrenoate, which is excreted in the urine as a glucuronic ester, and, next, hydroxylation to form 15alpha-hydroxy-canrenone or reduction to produce several di-, tetra- and hexa-hydro derivatives. Canrenone and canrenoate are in equilibrium with one another. Not only spironolactone but several of its metabolites have biological activity; in decreasing order of potency, these are 7alpha-thiospirolactone, 7alpha-thiomethylspirolactone and canrenone.
Species differences were ... noted in the biotransformation of spironolactone. Canrenone was a principal extractable metabolite in rat and dog plasma, whereas in monkeys and humans, both canrenone and a very polar, unidentified metabolite were the major constituents. In the urine of all four species, canrenone was a principal constituent. Notable species differences in the metabolites of spironolactone in the feces were found, the pattern of metabolites in dog feces being markedly different from that in rats, monkeys or humans. Overall, it was concluded that the disposition and metabolism of spironolactone in monkeys, rather than that in rats or dogs, is closest to that in humans.
SIX METABOLITES OF SPIRONOLACTONE ... /HAVE/ BEEN DETECTED IN URINE OF TREATED SUBJECTS. ... /ONE IS/ DETHIOACETYLATED COMPD CANRENONE, 3-(3-OXO-17BETA-HYDROXY-4,6-ANDRO-STADIEN-17ALPHA-YL)PROPIONIC ACID GAMMA-LACTONE...
A FLUOROMETRIC METHOD WAS USED TO DETERMINE CONCN OF CANRENONE IN MILK FOLLOWING INGESTION OF SPIRONOLACTONE (ALDACTONE) 25 MG TWICE DAILY IN 28-YR-OLD FEMALE.
Rapidly and extensively metabolized. The metabolic pathway of spironolactone is complex and can be divided into two main routes: those in which the sulfur moiety is retained and those in which the sulfur moiety is removed by dethioacetylation. Spironolactone is transformed to a reactive metabolite that can inactivate adrenal and testicular cytochrome P450 enzymes. It also has anti-androgenic activity.
Route of Elimination: The metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine and secondarily in bile.
Half Life: 10 minutes
Biological Half-Life
The mean half-life of spironolactone is 1.4 hours. The mean half-life values of its metabolites, including canrenone, TMS, and HTMS are 16.5, 13.8, and 15 hours, respectively.
... Nearly all absorbed spironolactone (> 90 %) is bound to plasma proteins and, with repeated dosing, a steady state is achieved within 8 days. After oral intake of a 100-mg dose, the plasma half-time of spironolactone was 1-2 h, the time to maximum plasma concentration was 2-3.2 hr, the maximum blood concentration was 92-148 ng/mL, the area under the concentration--time (0-24 hr) curve was 1430-1541 ng/mL per hr and the elimination half-time was 18-20 hr.
Following a single oral dose in healthy adults, the half-life of spironolactone averages 1.3-2 hours, and the half-life of 7alpha-thiomethylspironolactone averages 2.8 hours. The half-life of canrenone reportedly ranges from 13-24 hours. In multiple-dose studies, the steady-state plasma elimination half-life of canrenone averaged 19.2 hours when 200 mg of spironolactone was administered daily as a single dose and averaged 12.5 hours when 200 mg of the drug was administered daily in 4 equally divided doses.
Toxicity/Toxicokinetics
Toxicity Summary
Spironolactone is a specific pharmacologic antagonist of aldosterone, acting primarily through competitive binding of receptors at the aldosterone-dependent sodium-potassium exchange site in the distal convoluted renal tubule. Spironolactone causes increased amounts of sodium and water to be excreted, while potassium is retained. Spironolactone acts both as a diuretic and as an antihypertensive drug by this mechanism. It may be given alone or with other diuretic agents which act more proximally in the renal tubule. Aldosterone interacts with a cytoplasmic mineralocorticoid receptor to enhance the expression of the Na+, K+-ATPase and the Na+ channel involved in a Na+ K+ transport in the distal tubule . Spironolactone bind to this mineralcorticoid receptor, blocking the actions of aldosterone on gene expression. Aldosterone is a hormone; its primary function is to retain sodium and excrete potassium in the kidneys.
Hepatotoxicity
Clinically apparent liver injury from spironolactone is rare and only a few instances have been reported as isolated case reports. The liver injury typically arises after 4 to 8 weeks of therapy and the pattern of serum enzyme elevations is usually hepatocellular or mixed. Immunoallergic features (rash, fever, eosinophilia) are rare as is autoantibody formation. Recovery has occurred within 1 to 3 months of stopping and all cases have been mild and self-limited in course (Case 1).
Likelihood score: D (possible rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury).
Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation
Limited data indicate that spironolactone is poorly excreted into breastmilk. Case of mothers breastfeeding during spironolactone therapy reported no adverse effects in infants. Spironolactone appears to be acceptable to use during breastfeeding.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants
In 17-day-old breastfed (extent not stated) infant whose mother was taking 25 mg of spironolactone 4 times daily since pregnancy, serum sodium and potassium remained normal.[1]
Spironolactone 75 mg every other day was taken orally by a mother while nursing a newborn. She was also taking 400 mg of bretylium tosylate every 8 hours, atenolol 25 mg daily, propranolol 20 mg 3 times a day, and multivitamin, potassium and magnesium supplements. Jaundice, thought to be unrelated to the drug, occurred at 60 hours of age, but resolved. The infant had appropriate weight gain and development during the first 4 months of life.[2]
A transgender woman took and spironolactone 50 mg twice daily to suppress testosterone, domperidone 10 mg three times daily, increasing to 20 mg four times daily, oral micronized progesterone 200 mg daily and oral estradiol to 8 mg daily and pumped her breasts 6 times daily to induce lactation. After 3 months of treatment, estradiol regimen was changed to a 0.025 mg daily patch and the progesterone dose was lowered to 100 mg daily. Two weeks later, she began exclusively breastfeeding the newborn of her partner. Breastfeeding was exclusive for 6 weeks, during which the infant's growth, development and bowel habits were normal. The patient continued to partially breastfeed the infant for at least 6 months.[3]
A woman with Gitleman syndrome took spironolactone in an unspecified dosage along with potassium and magnesium supplements for at least 4 months while breastfeeding her infant. No adverse infant effects were reported.[4]
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk
Intense diuresis can suppress lactation;[5,6] however, it is unlikely that spironolactone alone is sufficiently potent to cause this effect.
Spironolactone can cause gynecomastia. The estimated risk is 52 cases per 1000 patients treated, which is 8.4 times the baseline risk.[7]
A transgender woman was taking sublingual estradiol 4 mg twice daily, spironolactone 100 mg twice daily and progesterone 200 mg at bedtime for gender-affirming therapy. In order to prepare for the birth of the infant being carried by her partner, sublingual estradiol was increased to 6 mg twice daily and progesterone was increased to 400 mg at bedtime. Domperidone 10 mg twice daily was also started to increase serum prolactin levels and later increased to 20 mg 4 times daily. Before the delivery date, progesterone was stopped, spironolactone was decreased to 100 mg daily and estradiol was changed to 25 mcg per day transdermally. At day 59 postpartum, estradiol was changed to 2 mg per day sublingually and spironolactone was increased to 100 mg twice daily. The patient was able to produce up to 240 mL of milk daily containing typical macronutrient and oligosaccharide levels.[8]
Protein Binding
Spironolactone and its metabolites are more than 90% bound to plasma proteins. Spironolactone and canrenone bind to serum albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein.
Toxicity Data
The oral LD50 of spironolactone is greater than 1,000 mg/kg in mice, rats, and rabbits.
Interactions
Aspirin has been shown to slightly reduce the natriuretic effect of spironolactone in healthy individuals, possibly by reducing active renal tubular secretion of canrenone, the active metabolite of spironolactone. However, the hypotensive effect of spironolactone and its effect on urinary potassium excretion in hypertensive patients are apparently not affected. Until more clinical data are available on this potential interaction, patients receiving both drugs should be monitored for signs and symptoms of decreased clinical response to spironolactone.
Spironolactone reportedly reduces vascular responsiveness to norepinephrine and regional or general anesthesia should be used with caution in patients receiving spironolactone.
In an initial experiment, 70 female Sprague-Dawley rats, approximately 50 days of age (weight, 150-180 g), received a single dose of 40 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]- anthracene (DMBA) dissolved in 2 mL of corn oil by oral gavage. Of these rats, 20 also received spironolactone (pharmaceutical-grade) at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw in 1 mL of distilled water by oral gavage twice daily for 7 days, starting 4 days before DMBA administration. The study was terminated 150 days after DMBA treatment, and the mammary tumour incidence determined by palpation. The incidence of palpable mammary tumours was reduced from 21/24 in the group receiving DMBA alone to 3/14 in that given DMBA plus spironolactone. In a second experiment, 80 female Sprague-Dawley rats received an intravenous injection into the jugular vein of 2 mg of DMBA in 0.4 mL of oil emulsion once daily on days 1, 4 and 7. Two days before the first DMBA injection, 40 of these rats received spironolactone (pharmaceutical-grade) at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw in 1 mL of distilled water by oral gavage twice daily for 12 consecutive days. On termination of the study 147 days after the start of DMBA treatment, mammary tumours were found at necropsy in 32/32 rats receiving DMBA alone and 23/36 rats receiving DMBA plus spironolactone (p < 0.001).
Salicylates may reduce the tubular secretion of canrenone and decrease the diuretic efficacy of spironolactone, and spironolactone may alter the clearance of digitalis glycosides.
For more Interactions (Complete) data for SPIRONOLACTONE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Non-Human Toxicity Values
LD50 Rat ip 277 mg/kg
LD50 Mouse ip 260 mg/kg
LD50 Rabbit ip 866 mg/kg
LD50 Rabbit oral > 1000 mg/kg
For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for SPIRONOLACTONE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
References
J Biol Chem.2010 Sep 24;285(39):29932-40;Mol Cell Endocrinol.1974 Dec;2(1):59-67.
Additional Infomation
Therapeutic Uses
Aldosterone Antagonists; Diuretics
/EXPL THER:/ Aldosterone is important in the pathophysiology of heart failure. In a doubleblind study, we enrolled 1663 patients who had severe heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction of no more than 35 percent and who were being treated with an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, a loop diuretic, and in most cases digoxin. A total of 822 patients were randomly assigned to receive 25 mg of spironolactone daily, and 841 to receive placebo. The primary end point was death from all causes. The trial was discontinued early, after a mean follow-up period of 24 months, because an interim analysis determined that spironolactone was efficacious. There were 386 deaths in the placebo group (46 percent) and 284 in the spironolactone group (35 percent; relative risk of death, 0.70; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.60 to 0.82; P<0.001). This 30 percent reduction in the risk of death among patients in the spironolactone group was attributed to a lower risk of both death from progressive heart failure and sudden death from cardiac causes. The frequency of hospitalization for worsening heart failure was 35 percent lower in the spironolactone group than in the placebo group (relative risk of hospitalization, 0.65; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.54 to 0.77; P<0.001). In addition, patients who received spironolactone had a significant improvement in the symptoms of heart failure, as assessed on the basis of the New York Heart Association functional class (P<0.001). Gynecomastia or breast pain was reported in 10 percent of men who were treated with spironolactone, as compared with 1 percent of men in the placebo group (P<0.001). The incidence of serious hyperkalemia was minimal in both groups of patients.
MEDICATION (VET): Spironolactone can be used with furosemide to control ascites.
MEDICATION (VET): Spironolactone is used most frequently and is a competitive antagonist of aldosterone. Aldosterone is elevated in animals with congestive heart failure in which the renin-angiotensin system is activated in response to hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and reductions in blood pressure or cardiac output. Aldosterone is responsible for increasing sodium and chloride reabsorption and potassium and calcium excretion from renal tubules. Spironolactone competes with aldosterone at its receptor site, causing a mild diuresis and potassium retention.
For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for SPIRONOLACTONE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Drug Warnings
Spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist that acts on the mineralocorticoid receptor. It is a potassium-sparing diuretic, and hyperkalemia is the most common and potentially serious complication of therapy. Impaired kidney function appears to increase this risk, as does supplementation with potassium chloride. Excessive diuresis can also lead to dehydration and hyponatraemia. A number of endocrine effects have also been reported, the most common of which is gynaecomastia, with a dose-related incidence of 7-52%. This side-effect is reversible and disappears upon discontinuation of therapy. Other endocrine effects include loss of sexual potency in men and menstrual irregularity, amenorrhea, breast engorgement and chloasma in women. These effects are probably due to interaction of spironolactone with the androgen receptor.
There are a few isolated case reports of idiosyncratic drug reactions, including one case of hepatitis and several cases of agranulocytosis. Approximately 10 cases have been reported of allergic contact dermatitis after topical application of spironolactone for various dermal indications involving its antiandrogen activity.
Maternal Medication usually Compatible with Breast-Feeding: Spironolactone: Reported Sign or Symptom in Infant or Effect on Lactation: None. /From Table 6/
POTENTIAL ADVERSE EFFECTS ON FETUS: May cross placenta. No controlled studies performed, but no known teratogenic effects. POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS ON BREAST-FED INFANT: Active metabolite (canrenone) excreted in breast milk. FDA Category: C (C = Studies in laboratory animals have revealed adverse effects on the fetus (teratogenic, embryocidal, etc.) but there are no controlled studies in pregnant women. The benefits from use of the drug in pregnant women may be acceptable despite its potential risks, or there are no laboratory animal studies or adequate studies in pregnant women.) /From table II/
For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for SPIRONOLACTONE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Pharmacodynamics
Spironolactone has a potassium-sparing diuretic effect. It promotes sodium and water excretion and potassium retention. It increases renin and aldosterone levels. Spironolactone is a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist and has a low affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor. It also exhibits progestogenic and anti-androgenic actions as it binds to the androgen receptor and, to a lesser extent, estrogen and progesterone receptors. Spironolactone exhibits anti-inflammatory effects.
These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C24H32O4S
Molecular Weight
416.57
Exact Mass
416.202
CAS #
52-01-7
Related CAS #
Spironolactone-d7;Spironolactone-d3;Spironolactone-d3-1
PubChem CID
5833
Appearance
White to off-white solid powder
Density
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point
597.0±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point
207-208 °C(lit.)
Flash Point
302.3±18.1 °C
Vapour Pressure
0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction
1.586
LogP
3.12
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
5
Rotatable Bond Count
2
Heavy Atom Count
29
Complexity
818
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
7
SMILES
CC(=O)S[C@@H]1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@@]2([C@@H]3[C@@H]1[C@@H]4CC[C@]5([C@]4(CC3)C)CCC(=O)O5)C
InChi Key
LXMSZDCAJNLERA-NMFLDQOASA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C24H32O4S/c1-14(25)29-19-13-15-12-16(26)4-8-22(15,2)17-5-9-23(3)18(21(17)19)6-10-24(23)11-7-20(27)28-24/h12,17-19,21H,4-11,13H2,1-3H3/t17-,18-,19+,21+,22-,23-,24-/m0/s1
Chemical Name
S-((7R,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-10,13-dimethyl-3,5-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16-hexadecahydro-3H-spiro[cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-17,2-furan]-7-yl) ethanethioate
Synonyms

SC9420; SC9420; SC-9420; Spiresis; Spiridon

HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
DMSO: 83 mg/mL (199.2 mM)
Water:<1 mg/mL
Ethanol: 20 mg/mL (48.0 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.00 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.00 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.00 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.


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Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.4006 mL 12.0028 mL 24.0056 mL
5 mM 0.4801 mL 2.4006 mL 4.8011 mL
10 mM 0.2401 mL 1.2003 mL 2.4006 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Clinical Trial Information
Transgender Estradiol Affirming Therapy
CTID: NCT05010707
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-11-26
Spironolactone for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
CTID: NCT01712620
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-19
Blockade of the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System in Patients With ARVD
CTID: NCT03593317
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-06
Spironolactone Initiation Registry Randomized Interventional Trial in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
CTID: NCT02901184
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-22
Gender-Based Differences in Heart Failure Hospitalizations Among Patients With Heart Failure Treated With Spironolactone
CTID: NCT06641284
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-15
View More

Spironolactone Safety in African Americans with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Dementia
CTID: NCT04522739
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-10-15


Colchicine and Spironolactone in Patients with MI / SYNERGY Stent Registry
CTID: NCT03048825
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-10-15
Quadruple Immunotherapy for Neuroblastoma
CTID: NCT05754684
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-03
Spironolactone in Alcohol Use Disorder (SAUD)
CTID: NCT05807139
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-09-27
Comparison of Spironolactone and Amiloride on Home Blood Pressure in Resistant Hypertension
CTID: NCT04331691
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-09-24
Aldosterone BloCkade for Health Improvement EValuation in End-stage Renal Disease
CTID: NCT03020303
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-09-19
Spironolactone for Hidradenitis Suppurativa
CTID: NCT04100083
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2024-09-19
Spironolactone for the Treatment of Melasma
CTID: NCT03953209
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2024-09-04
Finerenone for Patients With Primary Aldosteronism (FAIRY)
CTID: NCT06457074
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-08-30
Bioequivalence Study of Spironolactone Tablets in Healthy Subjects
CTID: NCT06579053
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-08-30
Comparative Effectiveness Study of Spironolactone Versus Doxycycline for Acne
CTID: NCT04582383
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-08-09
Evaluation of Cortisol Resistance in Young Sedentary and Endurance-Trained Men
CTID: NCT01294319
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-07-15
Dapagliflozin With or Without Spironolactone for HFpEF
CTID: NCT05676684
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-07-11
Spironolactone Therapy in Chronic Stable Right HF Trial
CTID: NCT03344159
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-07-01
Off-Label Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder Among Patients With HIV: Pilot Study 1
CTID: NCT06004830
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-06-10
Pharmacogenetics of Torasemide and Spironolactone in Hypertension Treatment
CTID: NCT06413082
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-05-16
Fibrosis and the Fontan
CTID: NCT04901975
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-05-10
A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety of a Fixed Dose Combination of Spironolactone, Pioglitazone & Metformin (SPIOMET) in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
CTID: NCT05394142
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-04-22
The Effect of SAAE on Ventricular Remodeling in PA Patients
CTID: NCT05501080
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-04-17
The Effect of SAAE on Vascular Endothelial Function in PA Patients
CTID: NCT05561361
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-04-17
Determination of Drug Levels for Pharmacotherapy of Heart Failure
CTID: NCT06035978
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-01-18
SPironolactONe for the Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
CTID: NCT06204640
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-01-12
Efficacy and Safety of Finerenone vs. Spironolactone in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism
CTID: NCT06164379
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2023-12-11
Efficacy of Aldosterone Antagonist Therapy for Prevention of New Atrial Fibrillation
CTID: NCT03929718
PhaseEarly Phase 1    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2023-11-18
Hyperandrogenemia and Altered Day-night LH Pulse Patterns
CTID: NCT03068910
PhaseEarly Phase 1    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-11-02
Does Spironolactone Normalize Sleep-wake Luteinizing Hormone Pulse Frequency in Pubertal Girls With Hyperandrogenism?
CTID: NCT04723862
PhaseEarly Phase 1    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-10-27
Does Treatment of Androgen Excess Using Spironolactone Improve Ovulatory Rates in Girls With Androgen Excess?
CTID: NCT04075149
PhaseEarly Phase 1    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-10-27
Effect of Spironolactone on Adrenal or Ovarian Androgen Production in Overweight Pubertal Girls With Androgen Excess
CTID: NCT01422759
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-10-27
Spironolactone Versus Prednisolone in DMD
CTID: NCT03777319
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Terminated
Date: 2023-10-23
ALdosterone Antagonist Chronic HEModialysis Interventional Survival Trial
CTID: NCT01848639
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-10-10
Study of Innovative Drug Strategies in Improving Left Ventricular Function After Mitral Repair
CTID: NCT06039592
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-09-15
Study of Innovative Drug Treatment Therapy for Pediatric Mitral Regurgitation
CTID: NCT06037434
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-09-15
Study of Drug Therapy for Pediatric Heart Failure
CTID: NCT06039540
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-09-15
Effect of Spironolactone in the Prevention of Anthracycline-induced Cardiotoxicity (SPIROTOX)
CTID: NCT06005259
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2023-08-22
Spironolactone in CKD Enabled by Chlorthalidone: PILOT
CTID: NCT05222191
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-08-14
Venetoclax and Lintuzumab-Ac225 in AML Patients
CTID: NCT03867682
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-08-04
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism Clinical Evaluation in Atherosclerosis Trial
CTID: NCT02169089
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-08-01
Lintuzumab-Ac225 in Older Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Patients
CTID: NCT02575963
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-07-20
Randomized Double-blind Study on the Benefit of Spironolactone for Treating Acne of Adult Woman.
CTID: NCT03334682
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-07-18
Spironolactone Therapy In Young Women With NASH
CTID: NCT03576755
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-07-07
Evaluating Drug Interactions Between Doravirine With Estradiol and Spironolactone in Healthy Transgender Women
CTID: NCT04283656
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-07-03
Autophagy Activation for the Alleviation of Cardiomyopathy Symptoms After Anthracycline Treatment, ATACAR Trial
CTID: NCT04190433
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2023-05-24
Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Finerenone and Spironolactone in the Treatment of Primary Aldosteronism
CTID: NCT05814770
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2023-04-18
A Registry-based Cluster Randomized Trial to Compare the Effect of Spironolactone vs. Eplerenone on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Symptomatic Systolic Heart Failure
CTID: NCT03984591
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Enrolling by invitation
Date: 2023-02-01
Vascular Effects of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism in Kidney Disease
CTID: NCT02497300
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-12-21
Evaluation of Spironolactone Efficacy in Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
CTID: NCT05092984
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2022-12-07
Biomarker Guided Therapies in Stage A/B Heart Failure
CTID: NCT02230891
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-10-21
Comparison of Eplerenone Versus Spironolactone in Heart Failure Patients With Glucose Intolerance or Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: NCT01586442
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-10-07
Non-Responsive Diabetic Macular Edema and Spironolactone
CTID: NCT04853355
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2022-08-02
Hypoglycemia and Autonomic Nervous System Function-B
CTID: NCT03429946
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2022-07-20
Effect of Antifibrotic Therapy on Regression of Myocardial Fibrosis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) in Aortic Stenosis Patients With High Fibrotic Burden
CTID: NCT05230901
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2022-06-28
European Alport Therapy Registry - European Initiative Towards Delaying Renal Failure in Alport Syndrome
CTID: NCT02378805
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2022-05-24
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism Clinical Evaluation in Atherosclerosis Add-On
CTID: NCT03597035
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Terminated
Date: 2022-05-16
Spironolactone After Liver Transplant
CTID: NCT02883400
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-04-21
Spironolactone to Improve Apnea and Cardiovascular Markers in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients
CTID: NCT04205136
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2022-04-19
BAY94-8862 Dose Finding Trial in Subjects With Chronic Heart Failure and Mild (Part A) or Moderate (Part B) Chronic Kidney Disease
CTID: NCT01345656
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-02-10
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Spironolactone in End Stage Renal Disease
CTID: NCT00548912
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2021-12-09
The Comparison Between Spironolactone and Indapamide Monotherapy or in Combination With Amlodipine to Reduce the Risk of Heart Failure
CTID: NCT04455178
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2021-12-08
Spironolactone in Covid-19 Induced ARDS
CTID: NCT04345887
Phase:    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-10-28
The Effects of Spironolactone on Calcineurin Inhibitor Induced Nephrotoxicity
CTID: NCT01602861
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-09-09
Patiromer in the Treatment of Hyperkalemia in Patients With Hypertension and Diabetic Nephropathy (AMETHYST-DN)
CTID: NCT01371747
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-06-03
Spironolactone With Patiromer in the Treatment of Resistant Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease
CTID: NCT03071263
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-05-12
Evaluation of Patiromer Titration in Heart Failure Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
CTID: NCT01130597
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-05-12
Clinical and Therapeutic Implications of Fibrosis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
CTID: NCT00879060
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-04-27
Spironolactone and Dexamethasone in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19
CTID: NCT04826822
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2021-04-01
Diuretic and Natriuretic Effect of High-dose Spironolactone in Patients With Acute Heart Failure
CTID: NCT04618601
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2020-11-10
Spironolactone Safety in Dialysis Patients
CTID: NCT00328809
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Withdrawn
Date:
Feasibility of Aggressive Albuminuria Reduction in Biopsy-Proven Diabetic Nephropathy - A Pilot Study
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2022-02-08
Pharmacogenetics of hypertension: randomized monocentric study in patients with essential hypertension and treated with Spironolactone or Torasemide
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2020-08-13
The Measures to Optimize RAAS-blockade in Patients with Hyperkalemia and Chronic Kidney Disease
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-06-23
Losartan and spironolactone treatment for COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure in intensive care unit
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2020-04-29
Randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial for the evaluator, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment with cyclosporine A (CsA) associated with standard treatment versus standard treatment only in hospitalized patients with confirmed infection by COVID-19
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-04-09
The effect of spironolactone on renal hemodynamics in patients with essential hypertension
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2019-07-12
Patiromer-facilitated, dose-escalation of mineralocorticoid antagonists for the management of worsening congestion in people with heart failure and hyperkalaemia.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2019-05-13
Spironolactone for Adult Female Acne: A pragmatic multicentre double-blind randomised superiority trial to investigate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of spironolactone for moderate or severe persistent acne in women
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2019-01-23
CLEAR SYNERGY (OASIS 9)
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3, Phase 4    Status: Ongoing, Completed
Date: 2018-12-21
SPIRonolactone In the Treatment of Heart Failure -
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing, Temporarily Halted
Date: 2018-08-13
Spironolactone and perioperative atrial fibrillation occurrence in cardiac surgery patients: a multicenter randomized, double-blind study
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2018-05-28
Randomized double-blind study on the benefit of spironolactone for treating acne of adult woman
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2017-09-27
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo controlled, Parallel Group Study of Patiromer for the Enablement of Spironolactone Use for Blood Pressure Control in Patients with Resistant Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy (AMBER)
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-01-09
Spironolactone Initiation Registry Randomized Interventional Trial in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Trial now transitioned
Date: 2016-09-06
A randomised controlled pilot trial of the feasibility and safety of therapy withdrawal in asymptomatic patients with a prior diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy & recovered cardiac function.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2016-02-17
A prospective, open-label, randomized, two-armed clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination of ethinyl-estradiol and levonorgestrel versus a low-dose combination of pioglitazone + spironolactone + metformin in adolescents with ovarian hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia: Effects on ovulatory function, parameters of chronic inflammation, treatment markers of pronostic and effectiveness and the development of type 2 diabetes
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-01-22
Bioprofiling response to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for the prevention of heart failure. A proof of concept clinical trial within the EU FP 7 “HOMAGE” programme « Heart OMics in AGing
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed, Prematurely Ended
Date: 2015-07-01
Add-on spironolactone for the treatment of schizophrenia
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-03-11
IMPRESS-AF: IMproved exercise tolerance in patients with PReserved Ejection fraction by Spironolactone on myocardial fibrosiS in Atrial Fibrillation
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-01-23
Effects of Aldosterone Antagonism in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HF-PEF): Cardiac MRI, Echocardiography, Exercise Physiology & Quality of Life Assessment
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2014-02-13
Proteomic prediction and Renin angiotensin aldosterone system Inhibition prevention Of early diabetic nephRopathy In TYpe 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2, Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-11-19
The Effect of Spironolactone on Pain in Older People with Osteoarthris
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-10-21
Inhibition of aldosterone to diminish diffuse myocardial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-10-08
A Randomised Multicentre Open Label Blinded End Point Trial to Compare the Effects of Spironolactone to Chlortalidone on Left Ventricular Mass and Arterial Stiffness in Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-09-11
MINeralocorticoid receptor antagonist pretreatment to MINIMISE reperfusion injury after ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction(STEMI).
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-07-11
Benefits of Aldosterone Receptor Antagonism in Chronic Kidney Disease (BARACK D) Trial: a prospective randomised open blinded endpoint trial to determine the effect of aldosterone receptor antagonism on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stage 3b chronic kidney disease.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2013-04-09
ALdosterone antagonist Chronic HEModialysis Interventional Survival Trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2013-03-22
A prospective, open-label, randomized, two-armed clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination of ethinyl-estradiol and levonorgestrel versus a low-dose combination of pioglitazone + spironolactone + metformin in adolescents with ovarian hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia: Effects on ovulatory function, parameters of chronic inflammation, on cardiovascular risk factors and on risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2012-12-20
Spironolactone to Prevent Cardiovascular Events in Early Stage Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): A Pilot Trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2012-08-01
Sympathetic renal denervation versus increment of pharmacological treatment in resistant arterial hypertension
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2012-07-17
Endovascular renal sympathetic denervation versus spironolactone for treatment-resistant hypertension: a randomized, multicentric study
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2012-02-09
Mineralocorticoid Receptor antagonists in End stage reNal DiseAse
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2012-01-09
Randomised, open-label, crossover clinical trial to evaluate the antiproteinuric effect of three different types of diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide, amiloride and spironolactone) in patients with chronic proteinuric nephropathies.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2011-09-19
Routine versus Aggressive Upstream Rhythm Control for Prevention of Early Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure: RACE 3
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA, Completed
Date: 2011-08-16
Ensayo aleatorizado controlado sobre la terapia guiada por el antígeno carbohidrato 125 en los pacientes dados de alta por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda: efecto sobre la mortalidad a 1 año.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2011-08-02
A randomized, double-blind, multi-center study to assess safety and tolerability of different oral doses of
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2011-05-11
The effect of Amiloride and Spironolacton on renophysiological and cardiovascular parametres in patients with hypertension
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2010-06-29
Blocage des effets létaux de l'aldostérone dans l'infarctus du myocarde traité ou non par la reperfusion pour améliorer le pronostic et la survie à six mois : Etude randomisée comparant un blocage spécifique de l'aldostérone en plus du traitement usuel au traitement usuel seul débuté dans les 72 premières heures après la survenue d'un infarctus aigu du myocarde'ALBATROSS'
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2009-12-04
Farmakologisk behandling af CNDI – Et ”proof-of-concept” studie.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2009-08-28
The effect of Spironolactone on memory performance under stressful circumstances.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2009-05-06
The effect of Amiloride and Spironolacton on renophysiological and cardiovascular parametres in healthy patients
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2009-02-06
Et randomiseret, dobbeltblindet, placebokontrolleret cross-over forsøg med Hexalacton til patienter med type 1 diabetes og mikroalbuminuri.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2009-02-02
Optimal Treatment of Drug Resistant Hypertension
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2009-01-14
PROTOCOLO DE INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE EL PERFIL DE RIESGO CARDIOVASCULAR ASOCIADO A MUJERES CON SÍNDROME DE OVARIO POLIQUÍSTICO O HIPERANDROGENISMO OVULATORIO, Y EVOLUCIÓN DEL MISMO DURANTE EL TRATAMIENTO CON METFORMINA FRENTE A UN ANTICONCEPTIVO ORAL MÁS UN ANTIANDRÓGENO (ESPIRONOLACTONA).
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2008-11-07
Effect of Spironolactone on Exercise Capacity in functionally impaired older people without heart failure: a double blind placebo controlled trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2008-10-02
“Evaluación mediante proteómica de biomarcadores proteicos asociados con el tratamiento con Eplerenona versus espironolactona en pacientes post-infarto agudo de miocardio, diabéticos con hipertensión arterial no controlada y disfunción ventricular sistólica leve”
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2008-06-03
Addition of spironolactone in patients with resistant arterial hypertension (ASPIRANT)
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2007-07-30
A randomised, placebo controlled trial of the efficacy of the addition of spironolactone to modern antihypertensive treatment regimes in patients with resistant hypertension.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2007-03-16
ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR BLOCKADE IN DIASTOLIC HEART FAILURE
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2007-02-01
double blind crossover compariosn of diuretics in young patients with low-renin hypertension
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2006-07-07
Use of clembuterol in patients affected by valvular hearth disease and dilated cardiomyopathy
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2006-03-01
PHARMACOKINETICS OF ORAL SPIRONOLACTONE IN CHILDREN UP TO 2 YEARS OF AGE
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date:
The effects of MR and GR blockade on the reconsolidation and extinction of fear memories
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date:

Biological Data
  • Spironolactone

    Natriuretic in vivo activity of BR-4628 and spironolactone in conscious rats. J Biol Chem. 2010 Sep 24;285(39):29932-40.
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