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Sodium orthovanadate, an inorganic compound with chemical formula of Na3VO4, is a potent inhibitor for several enzymes such as protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and ATPase. It displayed a variety of biological activities, partly due to its structural mimics of phosphates. The inhibitory effects against the aforementioned enzymes can be reversed by dilution or the addition of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).
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Sodium orthovanadate (vanadate) also starts to polymerize at concentrations greater than 0.1 mM at neutral pH. The yellow-orange solutions of decavanadate can be converted to the colorless solutions of monomeric Sodium orthovanadate (vanadate) by dilution after a period of many hours. In the presence of oxidizing agents, vanadium ions exist as the hydrated monomer of Sodium orthovanadate (vanadate: HVO42- or H2VO4-) at micromolar concentrations near neutral pH. Boiling at pH 10 speeds up the process by promoting the kinetically slow depolymerization process[1]. The phosphorylation state of ASK1 at serine 83 and threonine 845 caused by ischemia may be changed by sodium orthovanadate. During cerebral ischemia, sodium orthovanadate may raise the tyrosine posphorylation of PTEN and further limit the activation of ASK1 by activating Akt[2].
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Vanadium is absorbed mainly via inhalation, though small amounts can be absorbed through the skin and gastrointestional tract. It is rapidly distributed in the plasma, mainly to the kidney, liver, lungs, heart, bone, where it tends to accumulate. With the help of cytochrome P-450 enzymes, it can interconvert between its two oxidation states, vanadyl (V+4) and vanadate (V+5). Both states of vanadium can reversibly bind to transferrin protein in the blood and then be taken up into erythrocytes. Vanadium is excreted mainly in the urine. (L837) |
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
Vanadium damages alveolar macrophages by decreasing the macrophage membrane integrity, thus impairing the cells' phagocytotic ability and viability. The pentavalent form of vanadium, vanadate, is a potent inhibitor of the Ca+-ATPase and Na+,K+-ATPase of plasma membranes, which decreases intracellular ATP concentration. Vanadium is also believed to induce the production of reactive oxygen species. This may damage DNA and also cause oxidative stress, which can damage the reproductive system. Vanadium also inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatases, producing insulin-like effects. (L837, A247, A248, A249, A250, A251) |
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| References | |||
| Additional Infomation |
Trisodium vanadate is an inorganic sodium salt of formula Na3VO4 containing the tetrahedral VO4(3-) It has a role as an EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor, a radiation protective agent, an apoptosis inducer and an antineoplastic agent. It contains a vanadate(3-).
Sodium orthovanadate is a chemical compound of sodium and vanadium. It is often added to buffer solutions that are used in protein analysis in molecular biology. The aim is to preserve the phosphorylation of proteins of interest by inhibiting endogenous phosphatases present in cell lysate mixture. Vanadium is a transition metal with the chemical symbol V and atomic number 23. The element usually combines with other elements such as oxygen, sodium, sulfur, or chloride, and occurs naturally in about 65 different minerals and in fossil fuel deposits. Vanadium is found in many organisms, and is used by some life forms as an active center of enzymes. (L837, L838, L854) Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects. |
| Molecular Formula |
NA3O4V
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| Molecular Weight |
183.91
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| Exact Mass |
183.892
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| CAS # |
13721-39-6
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| Related CAS # |
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| PubChem CID |
61671
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| Melting Point |
850-866 °C(lit.)
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
36.8
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
IHIXIJGXTJIKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/3Na.4O.V/q3*+1;;3*-1;
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| Chemical Name |
trisodium;trioxido(oxo)vanadium
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| Synonyms |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~8.33 mg/mL (~45.29 mM)
DMSO :< 1 mg/mL |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 16.67 mg/mL (90.64 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication (<60°C).
Solubility in Formulation 2: Saline:30mg/mL (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.4374 mL | 27.1872 mL | 54.3744 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0875 mL | 5.4374 mL | 10.8749 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5437 mL | 2.7187 mL | 5.4374 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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