| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
NF‑κB signaling pathway (the compound significantly inhibited S. aureus‑induced NF‑κB activation, including phosphorylation of NF‑κB‑p65 and IκBα). [1]
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|---|---|
| ln Vivo |
The histological alterations in the lungs caused by Staphylococcus aureus were considerably reduced by tenuigenin (2, 4, 8 mg/kg). Tenuigenin also reduces the amount of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β produced in male BALB/c mice, as well as the lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio [1].
- Tenuigenin (2, 4, 8 mg/kg) administered 1 hour after S. aureus challenge significantly attenuated S. aureus‑induced lung histopathological changes (interstitial edema, neutrophil infiltration, alveolar wall thickness) in a dose‑dependent manner. [1] - Tenuigenin treatment significantly inhibited S. aureus‑induced lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (a marker of neutrophil infiltration) compared to the S. aureus group. [1] - Tenuigenin significantly reduced the lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio (an indicator of lung edema) induced by S. aureus. [1] - Tenuigenin significantly decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines TNF‑α and IL‑1β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of S. aureus‑challenged mice. [1] - Tenuigenin significantly inhibited S. aureus‑induced NF‑κB activation, as shown by reduced phosphorylation levels of NF‑κB‑p65 and IκBα in lung tissues. [1] |
| Animal Protocol |
- Male BALB/c mice were used. Mice were divided into six groups: control group, Tenuigenin (8 mg/kg) alone group, S. aureus group, and S. aureus + Tenuigenin (2, 4, 8 mg/kg) groups. Tenuigenin was dissolved in DMSO to prepare a stock solution (10 mg/100 μl DMSO), then further diluted with PBS. Tenuigenin (2, 4, 8 mg/kg) was administered 1 hour after S. aureus challenge. 12 hours after S. aureus treatment, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected. For BALF collection, the left lung was ligated and 1 ml of cold PBS was instilled into the right lung. [1]
- For histopathological evaluation, lungs were excised, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, sliced into 5‑μm sections, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Pathological changes were observed under a light microscope. [1] - Lung W/D ratio was measured by obtaining the wet weight of the right lung, then drying the lung tissues at 80°C for 72 hours to obtain dry weight, and calculating the ratio. [1] - MPO activity in lung homogenates was detected using an MPO assay kit. [1] - TNF‑α and IL‑1β levels in BALF were measured using ELISA kits. [1] - For Western blot analysis, total protein was extracted from lung tissues, fractionated by 12% SDS‑PAGE, transferred onto PVDF membranes, blocked with 5% non‑fat milk, incubated with primary antibodies against NF‑κB p65, IκBα, and β‑actin, followed by HRP‑conjugated secondary antibodies, and detected using ECL Plus reagents. [1] |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
See also: Senegenin (Note moved to).
- Tenuigenin protected against S. aureus‑induced pneumonia in mice by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine production through suppression of the NF‑κB signaling pathway. It may be a potential therapeutic agent for S. aureus‑induced pneumonia. [1] - The study used S. aureus strain ATCC 25923 to induce pneumonia. [1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C30H45CLO6
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
537.1277
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| Exact Mass |
536.29
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 50.24; H, 6.45; O, 43.31
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| CAS # |
2469-34-3
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| PubChem CID |
200662
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
674.1±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
290-292ºC
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| Flash Point |
361.5±31.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±4.7 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.591
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| LogP |
6.39
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
37
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| Complexity |
1040
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
ClC([H])([H])[C@]1([H])C2[C@]3([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]3(C(=O)O[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C=2[C@@]2(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]3([H])[C@@](C(=O)O[H])(C([H])([H])[H])[C@]([H])([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])[C@]3(C([H])([H])[H])[C@@]2([H])C1([H])[H])O[H])O[H]
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| InChi Key |
CWHJIJJSDGEHNS-MYLFLSLOSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C30H45ClO6/c1-26(2)10-11-30(25(36)37)9-6-17-22(18(30)13-26)16(15-31)12-21-27(17,3)8-7-20-28(21,4)14-19(32)23(33)29(20,5)24(34)35/h16,18-21,23,32-33H,6-15H2,1-5H3,(H,34,35)(H,36,37)/t16-,18+,19+,20-,21+,23+,27+,28+,29+,30-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4S,4aR,6aR,8aS,12aS,13S,14aR,14bR)-13-(chloromethyl)-2,3-dihydroxy-4,6a,11,11,14b-pentamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4,8a-dicarboxylic acid
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| Synonyms |
Senegenin; Tenuigenin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~186.17 mM)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.65 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.65 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.65 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.8617 mL | 9.3087 mL | 18.6175 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3723 mL | 1.8617 mL | 3.7235 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1862 mL | 0.9309 mL | 1.8617 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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