| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 25mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g | |||
| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Saquinavir targets the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease, an enzyme essential for viral replication. By binding to the active site of HIV protease, saquinavir inhibits the cleavage of viral polyproteins into functional proteins, thereby preventing the maturation and assembly of infectious viral particles. The compound exhibits Ki values of <0.1 nM for HIV-2 protease and 0.12 nM for HIV-1 protease. In silico docking models also predict potential as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Saquinavir also has anti-inflammatory activity and can induce apoptosis of human red blood cells.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, saquinavir mesylate acts as a potent inhibitor of HIV protease with Ki values of <0.1 nM and 0.12 nM for HIV-2 and HIV-1 protease, respectively. It exhibits high antiviral activity against HIV-1 in cell-based assays with low cytotoxicity. The compound's ability to inhibit viral replication has been demonstrated in various in vitro models of HIV infection. Saquinavir mesylate also shows potential as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro in in silico docking models and has anti-inflammatory activity.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, saquinavir mesylate has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of HIV-1 infection in clinical studies. It is used as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in combination with ritonavir and other antiretrovirals. The compound's oral bioavailability and potent antiviral activity make it a valuable component of HIV treatment regimens. Saquinavir mesylate has also been studied for its anti-inflammatory effects in vivo, although specific details are limited.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for saquinavir mesylate are protease inhibition assays using purified HIV-1 or HIV-2 protease. The enzyme is incubated with a fluorogenic peptide substrate and varying concentrations of saquinavir, and the rate of substrate cleavage is measured fluorometrically. The Ki for inhibition of protease activity is determined from the dose-response curve. These assays confirm the compound's direct inhibition of HIV protease and provide quantitative measures of its potency.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for saquinavir mesylate are performed using HIV-infected cell lines, such as MT-4 or CEM cells. Cells are infected with HIV-1 and treated with varying concentrations of saquinavir. Viral replication is assessed by measuring the production of viral p24 antigen or reverse transcriptase activity in the culture supernatant. Cytotoxicity is evaluated using MTT assays to determine the selectivity index. The compound's ability to inhibit HIV protease in cells is confirmed by assessing the processing of viral polyproteins by Western blotting.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for saquinavir mesylate are conducted in animal models of HIV infection, such as HIV-infected humanized mice or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques. Animals are administered saquinavir mesylate via oral or parenteral administration, and viral load is monitored in the blood. Pharmacodynamic endpoints include measurement of viral RNA levels, CD4+ T cell counts, and assessment of viral resistance. However, due to the species specificity of HIV, most efficacy data are derived from clinical studies in humans.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Saquinavir mesylate has a molecular weight of 766.95 g/mol and a molecular formula of C38H50N6O5·CH4O3S. The compound is soluble in DMSO at concentrations up to 38.35 mg/mL (50 mM). It is orally bioavailable and is formulated for oral administration in combination with ritonavir, which boosts its pharmacokinetic profile. Saquinavir is metabolized in the liver primarily by CYP3A4 and has a relatively short half-life. Ritonavir is used as a pharmacokinetic enhancer to increase saquinavir's systemic exposure.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Saquinavir mesylate is generally well-tolerated but can cause adverse effects including gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, and rash. More serious adverse effects include hepatotoxicity, QT prolongation, and hyperlipidemia. The compound is contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment and those taking certain medications that interact with CYP3A4. As with other protease inhibitors, saquinavir can cause metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance and lipodystrophy. Regular monitoring of liver function and lipid levels is recommended during therapy.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Saquinavir mesylate is an organic molecular entity. Saquinavir mesylate is the mesylate form of saquinavir, a peptide-like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor. It is an HIV protease inhibitor that acts similarly to the cleavage site of HIV proteases. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits cytochrome P-450 CYP3A. See also: Saquinavir (with active fraction).
Saquinavir mesylate is an FDA-approved HIV protease inhibitor marketed under the brand names Invirase and Fortovase. It is used in combination with ritonavir and other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. The recommended dosing involves saquinavir boosted with ritonavir to enhance its pharmacokinetic profile. Saquinavir was the first protease inhibitor approved for HIV treatment and remains an important component of antiretroviral therapy. It is also being investigated for potential anti-inflammatory applications and as a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. |
| Molecular Formula |
C39H54N6O8S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
766.9465
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| Exact Mass |
766.372
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 61.08; H, 7.10; N, 10.96; O, 16.69; S, 4.18
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| CAS # |
149845-06-7
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| Related CAS # |
Saquinavir;127779-20-8
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| PubChem CID |
60934
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
1015ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
567.7ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
0mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
5.488
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
10
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
13
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| Heavy Atom Count |
54
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| Complexity |
1230
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
6
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| SMILES |
S(C([H])([H])[H])(=O)(=O)O[H].O=C([C@]1([H])C([H])([H])[C@]2([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]2([H])C([H])([H])N1C([H])([H])[C@]([H])([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1[H])N([H])C([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])C(N([H])[H])=O)N([H])C(C1C([H])=C([H])C2=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C2N=1)=O)=O)O[H])N([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
IRHXGOXEBNJUSN-YOXDLBRISA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C38H50N6O5.CH4O3S/c1-38(2,3)43-37(49)32-20-26-14-7-8-15-27(26)22-44(32)23-33(45)30(19-24-11-5-4-6-12-24)41-36(48)31(21-34(39)46)42-35(47)29-18-17-25-13-9-10-16-28(25)40-29;1-5(2,3)4/h4-6,9-13,16-18,26-27,30-33,45H,7-8,14-15,19-23H2,1-3H3,(H2,39,46)(H,41,48)(H,42,47)(H,43,49);1H3,(H,2,3,4)/t26-,27+,30-,31-,32-,33+;/m0./s1
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| Chemical Name |
(S)-N1-((2S,3R)-4-((3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-yl)-2-(quinoline-2-carboxamido)succinamide mesylate
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| Synonyms |
trade names: Invirase and Fortovase; Ro 31-8959; Ro 31-8959/000; Ro 318959; Sch 52852; Sch-52852; Sch52852;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: ~20 mg/mL (~26.08 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2 mg/mL (2.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2 mg/mL (2.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2 mg/mL (2.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.3039 mL | 6.5193 mL | 13.0387 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2608 mL | 1.3039 mL | 2.6077 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1304 mL | 0.6519 mL | 1.3039 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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