| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 2g |
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| 5g |
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| 10g |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Sapogenins Glycosides target various molecular pathways, including inflammatory and metabolic pathways. They have been shown to modulate the activity of enzymes and receptors involved in inflammation, immunity, and metabolism. For example, some sapogenins glycosides have been reported to inhibit the activity of pro-inflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX). Others may modulate nuclear receptors such as PPARγ, which is involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. The specific targets vary depending on the structure of the sapogenin and the nature of the glycosidic linkages. These compounds are also known to modulate immune cell function and cytokine production.
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| ln Vitro |
Glycosides possessing a unique foaming property are called saponins. Saponins are made up of an ether bond to a sugar side chain and a polycyclic aglycone, which can be either a triterpenoid or a choline steroid connected via C3. The nonpolar sapogenin and the water soluble side chain work together to give a saponin its foaming properties.Because saponins are bitter, they make animal feed less palatable. While some saponins are not very harmful, others cause nonruminant animals to consume less feed and grow more slowly. For instance, the saponins in spinach and oats help the body absorb calcium and silicon more quickly, which aids in digestion. Some pasture weeds are extremely toxic to some animal species and contain significant amounts of hazardous saponins[1].
Sapogenins Glycosides have demonstrated various in vitro activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. They have been shown to scavenge free radicals, reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and modulate immune cell proliferation and function. For example, some sapogenins glycosides have been reported to inhibit the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in activated macrophages. Others have been shown to promote the proliferation of lymphocytes and enhance immune responses. The specific in vitro activities depend on the structure and concentration of the compounds. These studies are typically performed using cell lines such as macrophages, lymphocytes, and hepatocytes. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies have shown that Sapogenins Glycosides exhibit various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. They have been studied in animal models of inflammation, liver injury, and metabolic diseases. For example, some sapogenins glycosides have been shown to reduce inflammation in models of arthritis and colitis. Others have demonstrated hepatoprotective effects by reducing liver enzyme elevations and improving liver histology in models of chemical-induced liver injury. These compounds have also been studied for their effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic and obese animal models. The specific in vivo activities depend on the composition of the extract and the animal model used.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular assays for Sapogenins Glycosides typically involve measuring their antioxidant activity using cell-free systems such as DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, and superoxide radical scavenging assays. The extract's ability to scavenge free radicals is measured spectrophotometrically. Enzyme activity assays may also be performed to assess the effects of Sapogenins Glycosides on enzymes such as COX, LOX, and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase). These assays provide a biochemical basis for the extract's pharmacological activities. The extract is tested at various concentrations, and IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Sapogenins Glycosides typically use cell lines such as macrophages (e.g., RAW 264.7), lymphocytes, and hepatocytes (e.g., HepG2) to assess the extract's anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective effects. Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with Sapogenins Glycosides at various concentrations. Inflammatory responses are induced using agents such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the effects of the extract on cytokine production (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) are measured by ELISA or qRT-PCR. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or similar assays to ensure that the observed effects are not due to cytotoxicity. The extract is typically dissolved in DMSO and diluted in culture medium, with appropriate controls included.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Sapogenins Glycosides typically involve rodent models of inflammation, liver injury, or metabolic diseases. Animals are treated with the extract at various doses, typically administered orally. Inflammation is induced using agents such as carrageenan or complete Freund's adjuvant, and the anti-inflammatory effects are assessed by measuring paw edema, cytokine levels, and histopathological changes. Liver injury is induced using chemicals such as CCl4 or acetaminophen, and hepatoprotective effects are assessed by measuring serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST) and liver histology. Metabolic effects are evaluated in diabetic or obese animal models by measuring blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles. Body weight and food intake are monitored throughout the study.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for Sapogenins Glycosides are limited. As a complex mixture of glycosides, the pharmacokinetic profile is expected to be complex, with multiple components having different absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics. The compounds are typically administered orally, and their bioavailability depends on the structure of the glycosides and the activity of gut microbiota in hydrolyzing the glycosidic bonds to release the active sapogenins. The aglycones are generally better absorbed than the glycosides. However, detailed PK parameters for individual components are not extensively documented. Research-grade Sapogenins Glycosides are intended for laboratory use only.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Data
LCLo (Rat) = 250 mg/m³/4hr Toxicological data for Sapogenins Glycosides are limited. As natural products, they are generally considered to have low toxicity, but the safety profile may vary depending on the source and composition of the extract. Some sapogenins have been reported to have hemolytic activity due to their ability to interact with cell membranes. However, comprehensive toxicological studies, including acute and chronic toxicity, genotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity assessments, are not extensively documented in publicly available sources. Research-grade Sapogenins Glycosides are intended for laboratory use only. Appropriate safety precautions should be taken when handling these compounds. |
| References |
Arch Pharm (Weinheim).1995 Oct;328(10):720-4.
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| Additional Infomation |
Saponins have been reported to be found in Streptomyces, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Saponaria officinalis, and relevant data are available. Saponins are glycosides widely distributed in plants. Each saponin consists of a sapogenin (the aglycone portion) and a sugar. The sapogenin can be a steroid or a triterpenoid, and the sugar can be glucose, galactose, pentose, or methylpentose. See also: cyclohexylamine (note moved here).
Sapogenins Glycosides is a class of naturally occurring steroid or triterpenoid glycosides with the CAS number 8047-15-2. These compounds consist of a sapogenin aglycone linked to sugar moieties and are known for their diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective effects. They are commonly found in various medicinal plants and are studied for their potential therapeutic applications in metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The specific composition and activities depend on the plant source and extraction method. Sapogenins Glycosides are not approved as drugs and are primarily used as research compounds. |
| Molecular Formula |
C58H94O27
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|---|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1223.3
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| Exact Mass |
1643.942
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| CAS # |
8047-15-2
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| Related CAS # |
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| PubChem CID |
198016
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
158℃
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| Index of Refraction |
1.583
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| LogP |
28.57
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
15
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
27
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
14
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| Heavy Atom Count |
85
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| Complexity |
2340
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
31
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| SMILES |
C[C@]1(CCC23COC4([C@H]2C1)CC[C@@H]5[C@]6(CC[C@@H](C(C6CC[C@]5([C@@]4(C[C@H]3O)C)C)(C)C)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](CO7)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO8)O)O)O)O[C@@H]9[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O9)CO)O)O)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)O)C)C=O
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| InChi Key |
MAEBCGDGGATMSC-OSHGGGOQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C58H94O27/c1-52(2)29-7-11-55(5)30(8-12-58-31-15-53(3,22-62)13-14-57(31,23-77-58)32(64)16-56(55,58)6)54(29,4)10-9-33(52)82-50-46(85-51-45(40(71)37(68)27(19-61)80-51)84-49-43(74)39(70)36(67)26(18-60)79-49)44(83-48-42(73)38(69)35(66)25(17-59)78-48)28(21-76-50)81-47-41(72)34(65)24(63)20-75-47/h22,24-51,59-61,63-74H,7-21,23H2,1-6H3/t24-,25-,26-,27-,28+,29?,30-,31+,32-,33+,34+,35-,36-,37-,38+,39+,40+,41-,42-,43-,44+,45-,46-,47+,48-,49-,50+,51+,53-,54+,55-,56+,57?,58?/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,4S,5R,10S,13R,14R,18S,20R)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxy-4,5,9,9,13,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosane-20-carbaldehyde
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| Synonyms |
SAPONIN; NSC 104795; NSC-135029; BRN 0078682;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
Ethanol : ~100 mg/mL
H2O : ~33.33 mg/mL |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 6.25 mg/mL (Infinity mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication (<60°C).
Solubility in Formulation 2: PBS: 6.25 mg/mL (Infinity mM) (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.8175 mL | 4.0873 mL | 8.1746 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1635 mL | 0.8175 mL | 1.6349 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0817 mL | 0.4087 mL | 0.8175 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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