| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
Purity: =97.28%
| Targets |
Naturally occuring flavor
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In the caraway fruit, d-carvone is biosynthesised through a multi-step pathway starting from geranyl diphosphate which is firstly cyclised to d-limonene, then stored in essential oil ducts, further converted to d-trans-carveol by limonene-6-hydroxylase, and finally oxidised by a dehydrogenase to d-carvone (Bouwmeester et al., 1998). In a similar fashion, l-carvone is synthesised in the glandular trichomes of spearmint (Mentha spicata) through the cyclisation of the C10 isoprenoid intermediate geranyl pyrophosphate to the monoterpene hydrocarbon l-limonene then hydroxylated to l-carveol and subsequently dehydrogenated to l-carvone (Gerchenzon et al., 1989) [1].
|
| ln Vivo |
Activities in the field of food flavourings Regarding the evaluation of carvone in food, the genotoxicity of d-carvone was evaluated by the JECFA; it was concluded that d-carvone was not genotoxic and was not carcinogenic in mice. This evaluation of the JECFA was endorsed by the CEF Panel and d-carvone together with the structurally related l-carvone were cleared with respect to genotoxicity (EFSA CEF Panel, 2011a). Considering that the JECFA evaluated the two substances before 2000 and that no safety concerns were identified by the JECFA, EFSA was not required to re-evaluate their safety, in line with the provisions laid down in Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/20006 . Accordingly, both substances were included in the European Union list of flavouring substances in Regulation (EU) No 872/2012 (EU, 2012) [1].
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
16724 Rat oral LD50 3710 μL/kg, Food and Cosmetic Toxicology, 16(673), 1978
16724 Rabbit skin LD50 4 mL/kg, Skin and its Appendages (Skin): Other Dermatitis: Post-Systemic Exposure, Food and Cosmetic Toxicology, 16(673), 1978 Given the lack of oral exposure information from all sources and the need to review the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), the Committee did not reassess (+)-carvone (No. 380.1) in accordance with the revised Procedure for the Evaluation of Flavor Safety. It is recommended that the ADI be reviewed based on an assessment of all biochemical and toxicological data. Furthermore, oral (+)-carvone exposure assessment data from all sources are required to complete the assessment of (+)-carvone. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
D-Carvone is a pale yellow or colorless liquid. (NTP, 1992)
(+)-Carvone is a carvone with the (S) configuration, and it is the enantiomer of (-)-carvone. D-Carvone has been reported to be found in tea (Camellia sinensis), angelica (Angelica gigas), and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Caraway oil (partial). Carvone is a natural component of many foods such as mint and caraway, but it can also be used as an insecticide, food flavoring agent, feed flavoring agent, or as an animal feed additive in combination with other active substances. Therefore, this compound has been evaluated by various scientific institutions and the European Commission: initially by the Joint Commission on Food Additives (JECFA) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization between 1968 and 2000; subsequently, the European Commission evaluated it as an active pesticide substance in 2008 (under Directive 91/414/EEC4, which has been repealed by Regulation (EC) No 1107/20095); later, the European Food Safety Authority's Specialist Group on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavorings and Processing Aids (CEF) evaluated it in 2011; and most recently by the European Food Safety Authority's Specialist Group on Animal Feed Additives and Products or Substances (FEEDAP) in 2011. Based on short-term studies in rats (WHO, 2000, 2004), JECFA determined the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of this compound to be 0-1 mg/kg body weight/day. The European Commission (EC) Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health (SCoFCAH) determined the acceptable daily intake (ADI) to be 0–0.025 mg/kg body weight/day based on a short-term toxicity study in rats (EC, 2008), and the CEF and FEEDAP expert group endorsed the assessment made by JECFA. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H14O
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
150.2176
|
| Exact Mass |
150.104
|
| CAS # |
2244-16-8
|
| Related CAS # |
(-)-Carvone;6485-40-1
|
| PubChem CID |
16724
|
| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
|
| Density |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
230.5±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
25.2ºC
|
| Flash Point |
88.9±0.0 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.1±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.481
|
| LogP |
2.27
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
11
|
| Complexity |
223
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
|
| SMILES |
O=C1C(C([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])([H])[C@]([H])(C(=C([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C1([H])[H]
|
| InChi Key |
ULDHMXUKGWMISQ-VIFPVBQESA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H14O/c1-7(2)9-5-4-8(3)10(11)6-9/h4,9H,1,5-6H2,2-3H3/t9-/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(5S)-2-methyl-5-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-one
|
| Synonyms |
d-Carvone; 2244-16-8; (S)-(+)-Carvone; (+)-Carvone; (S)-Carvone; (S)-2-Methyl-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-2-enone; Carvone, (+)-; D(+)-Carvone;
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~665.69 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.64 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.64 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.64 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.6569 mL | 33.2845 mL | 66.5690 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3314 mL | 6.6569 mL | 13.3138 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6657 mL | 3.3285 mL | 6.6569 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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