| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Rhamnose monohydrate targets multiple pathways. It inhibits proinflammatory interleukins and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in skin aging models. The compound promotes the phosphorylation levels of PKA substrates and HSL in SVF-derived adipocytes, stimulating PKA signaling. It can act against obesity in mice by stimulating fat dopamine receptors and inducing thermogenesis. As a sugar, it is used as a marker of intestinal absorption.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Rhamnose monohydrate inhibits levels of proinflammatory interleukin and MMPs in skin aging models. It promotes phosphorylation of PKA substrates and HSL in SVF-derived adipocytes, stimulating PKA signaling. The compound crosses epithelia via the transcellular pathway. Rhamnose-conjugated immunogens are used in immunotherapies. Its effects are studied in various cell culture models.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Rhamnose monohydrate shows anti-aging effects. It can act against obesity in mice by stimulating fat dopamine receptors and inducing thermogenesis. The compound crosses the epithelia and acts as a marker of intestinal absorption. It has been studied in Ehrlich's solid tumors and sarcomas. Rhamnose-conjugated immunogens are used in immunotherapies in vivo.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The cell-free assay for Rhamnose monohydrate involves studying its chemical properties and interactions. As a sugar, it can be detected and quantified using HPLC or other analytical methods. Its ability to inhibit MMPs can be assessed using enzyme activity assays. The compound's role as a marker of intestinal absorption is evaluated using permeability assays. These assays help characterize its biochemical properties.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, Rhamnose monohydrate is typically dissolved in cell culture medium. Adipocytes are treated with the compound to assess PKA signaling activation. Skin cells are treated to evaluate inhibition of proinflammatory interleukins and MMPs. Intestinal epithelial cells are used to study transcellular transport. Immunotherapy studies use rhamnose-conjugated immunogens to assess immune responses.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Rhamnose monohydrate are conducted in mouse models of obesity, aging, and cancer. The compound is administered via oral gavage or dietary inclusion. Body weight, fat mass, and metabolic parameters are monitored. Tumor growth is measured in cancer models. Skin aging markers are assessed in aging models. Immunotherapy studies evaluate immune responses to rhamnose-conjugated immunogens.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Rhamnose monohydrate include a molecular weight of 182.17 g/mol and molecular formula C6H14O6. As a sugar, it is well-absorbed and metabolized. It crosses epithelia via the transcellular pathway and serves as a marker of intestinal absorption. The compound is typically stored as a solid at appropriate conditions. Its pharmacokinetics are relevant to its use as an absorption marker.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Rhamnose monohydrate is favorable as it is a naturally occurring sugar. It is generally recognized as safe for consumption. The compound is used in research applications at concentrations that are well-tolerated. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound. It is intended for research use only and not for therapeutic applications.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Rhamnose monohydrate is a naturally-occurring deoxy sugar found in plants and bacteria. It inhibits proinflammatory interleukins and MMPs in skin aging models, promotes PKA signaling in adipocytes, and shows anti-aging and anti-obesity effects. The compound crosses epithelia and serves as a marker of intestinal absorption. Rhamnose-conjugated immunogens are used in immunotherapies. Rhamnose monohydrate is a research tool for studying metabolism, aging, and immunotherapy.
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| Molecular Formula |
C6H14O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
182.1718
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| Exact Mass |
182.079
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| CAS # |
10030-85-0
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| Related CAS # |
Rhamnose;3615-41-6;Rhamnose-13C monohydrate;478511-48-7;Rhamnose-13C-2 monohydrate;478511-54-5
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| PubChem CID |
20849066
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.47
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| Boiling Point |
323.9ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
90-95 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
149.7ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
1.99E-05mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.593
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
126
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](C=O)O)O)O)O.O
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| InChi Key |
CBDCDOTZPYZPRO-DEZHIRTDSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H12O5.H2O/c1-3(8)5(10)6(11)4(9)2-7;/h2-6,8-11H,1H3;1H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-;/m0./s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal;hydrate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~548.94 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.72 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.72 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.4894 mL | 27.4469 mL | 54.8938 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0979 mL | 5.4894 mL | 10.9788 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5489 mL | 2.7447 mL | 5.4894 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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