| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
TNF-α
(Rac)-Benpyrine targets TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), a key pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. By inhibiting TNF-α, the compound reduces inflammation and tissue damage associated with TNF-α-mediated pathologies. The compound's mechanism involves direct inhibition of TNF-α activity, although the precise molecular details of the interaction are still being studied. (Rac)-Benpyrine is the racemic form, and the individual enantiomers may have different activities. |
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| ln Vitro |
(Rac)-Benpyrine (Compound 001; 5-10 μM; 24 hours) treatment inhibits the level of nuclear expression of the TNF-α downstream pathway protein NF-κB in RAW264.7 macrophages[1].
In vitro, (Rac)-Benpyrine has been shown to inhibit TNF-α activity and attenuate TNF-α-induced inflammation. The compound reduces the production of inflammatory mediators and protects cells from TNF-α-induced cytotoxicity. These in vitro studies demonstrate the compound's potential as a therapeutic agent for TNF-α-mediated diseases. The compound's activity is dose-dependent and has been confirmed in various cell-based assays. |
| ln Vivo |
(Rac)-Benpyrine (Compound 001; 25-50 mg/kg; oral gavage; daily; for 3 weeks; Kunming mice) treatment clearly lowers inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-6 in blood serum, and clearly increases the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. It also clearly slows the progression of foot swelling associated with arthritis, but does not reduce the weight index increase caused by arthritis[1].
In vivo, (Rac)-Benpyrine has shown efficacy in animal models of TNF-α-mediated inflammation and autoimmune diseases. The compound is orally active and has been shown to reduce liver and lung injury in models of TNF-α-induced inflammation. These in vivo studies support the potential of (Rac)-Benpyrine as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro binding assay for (Rac)-Benpyrine measures its affinity for TNF-α using surface plasmon resonance, ELISA, or other suitable methods. The compound's ability to inhibit TNF-α-induced signaling is assessed in cell-based reporter assays or by measuring downstream inflammatory markers. IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves. Selectivity is assessed by testing the compound against other cytokines or related targets.
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| Cell Assay |
In a glass chamber, RAW 264.7 cells were expanded to 50–70% confluence, pretreated for 12 hours with DMSO or benpyrine, and then stimulated for 2 hours with 10 ng/mL TNF-. After PBS washing to end the cell treatments, the cells were fixed in freshly made 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 20 minutes. After three PBS washes, the fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.25% Triton X-100 in PBS for 10 minutes. We added the NF-B/p65 antibody at a 1:1000 dilution and incubated it at 4 °C overnight after blocking with 2 mg/mL BSA for 1 h at room temperature. We then washed the area three times with PBS and incubated it in the dark for 1 h at room temperature with a 1:500 dilution of the secondary antibody. Finally, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenyl indole (DAPI) was used to stain the nuclei at 37 °C for 30 min in the dark.
In vitro cellular studies are conducted using immune cells (e.g., macrophages, T cells) or other cell types responsive to TNF-α stimulation. Cells are treated with (Rac)-Benpyrine at various concentrations (typically μM ranges) before or after stimulation with TNF-α. Inflammatory cytokine production (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6) is measured by ELISA. NF-κB activation and other signaling pathways are evaluated by Western blot or reporter assays. Cell viability is assessed using standard cytotoxicity assays. |
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments are performed using models of TNF-α-mediated inflammation and autoimmune diseases (e.g., LPS-induced inflammation, colitis, arthritis models). Animals are administered (Rac)-Benpyrine via oral gavage at various doses. Endpoints include survival, disease severity scores, histopathological examination of target tissues, and measurement of inflammatory markers in serum or tissues. Pharmacodynamic studies evaluate TNF-α levels and downstream signaling in target tissues.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of (Rac)-Benpyrine include oral bioavailability and solubility in DMSO (4.4 mg/mL). The compound has a molecular weight of 308.34 g/mol and a molecular formula C16H16N6O. Storage at -20°C for powder and -80°C for solutions is recommended. The compound should be protected from light and moisture. For in vivo administration, formulations in DMSO/PEG300/Tween 80/saline are used.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for (Rac)-Benpyrine are derived from preclinical studies. The compound is for research use only and not intended for human therapeutic applications. No significant toxicity has been reported at effective doses in animal studies. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound due to its potent biological activity. Long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
(Rac)-Benpyrine is also known as Benpyrine racemate. It is a potent and orally active inhibitor of TNF-α and attenuates TNF-α-induced inflammation, thereby reducing liver and lung injury. The compound is used in research on TNF-α-mediated inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. It is supplied as a powder with purity ≥95-98% and should be stored under recommended conditions. (Rac)-Benpyrine is the racemic form of Benpyrine, and the individual enantiomers may have different activities.
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| Molecular Formula |
C16H16N6O
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| Molecular Weight |
308.33784198761
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| Exact Mass |
308.14
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 62.32; H, 5.23; N, 27.26; O, 5.19
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| CAS # |
1333714-43-4
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| Related CAS # |
Benpyrine;2550398-89-3;(R)-Benpyrine
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| PubChem CID |
53605452
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
1.2
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
427
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1C(CN(C1=O)CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC3=NC=NC4=C3NC=N4
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| InChi Key |
HUWOMAVUXTXEKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H16N6O/c23-13-6-12(8-22(13)7-11-4-2-1-3-5-11)21-16-14-15(18-9-17-14)19-10-20-16/h1-5,9-10,12H,6-8H2,(H2,17,18,19,20,21)
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| Chemical Name |
1-benzyl-4-(7H-purin-6-ylamino)pyrrolidin-2-one
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| Synonyms |
(Rac)-Benpyrine; Benpyrine racemate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 10~31 mg/mL (32.4~100.5 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (4.05 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (4.05 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (4.05 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2432 mL | 16.2159 mL | 32.4317 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6486 mL | 3.2432 mL | 6.4863 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3243 mL | 1.6216 mL | 3.2432 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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