| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Copper is mainly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, but it can also be inhalated and absorbed dermally. It passes through the basolateral membrane, possibly via regulatory copper transporters, and is transported to the liver and kidney bound to serum albumin. The liver is the critical organ for copper homoeostasis. In the liver and other tissues, copper is stored bound to metallothionein, amino acids, and in association with copper-dependent enzymes, then partitioned for excretion through the bile or incorporation into intra- and extracellular proteins. The transport of copper to the peripheral tissues is accomplished through the plasma attached to serum albumin, ceruloplasmin or low-molecular-weight complexes. Copper may induce the production of metallothionein and ceruloplasmin. The membrane-bound copper transporting adenosine triphosphatase (Cu-ATPase) transports copper ions into and out of cells. Physiologically normal levels of copper in the body are held constant by alterations in the rate and amount of copper absorption, compartmental distribution, and excretion. (L277, L279) |
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
Excess copper is sequestered within hepatocyte lysosomes, where it is complexed with metallothionein. Copper hepatotoxicity is believed to occur when the lysosomes become saturated and copper accumulates in the nucleus, causing nuclear damage. This damage is possibly a result of oxidative damage, including lipid peroxidation. Copper inhibits the sulfhydryl group enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, and paraoxonases, which protect the cell from free oxygen radicals. It also influences gene expression and is a co-factor for oxidative enzymes such as cytochrome C oxidase and lysyl oxidase. In addition, the oxidative stress induced by copper is thought to activate acid sphingomyelinase, which lead to the production of ceramide, an apoptotic signal, as well as cause hemolytic anemia. Copper-induced emesis results from stimulation of the vagus nerve. (L277, T49, A174, L280) |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
(1R,2R)-2-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1-cyclohexanol is a member of piperidines.
Copper(II) hydroxide sulfate is a chemical compound of copper. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278) |
| Molecular Formula |
C17H25NO
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
259.39
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| Exact Mass |
295.17
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| CAS # |
112709-59-8
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| PubChem CID |
659840
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.086g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
393.5ºC at 760mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
97ºC
|
| Vapour Pressure |
6.73E-07mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.57
|
| LogP |
3.909
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
19
|
| Complexity |
266
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
|
| SMILES |
O[C@@H]1CCCC[C@H]1N1CCC(C2C=CC=CC=2)CC1
|
| InChi Key |
YSSBJODGIYRAMI-IAGOWNOFSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C17H25NO/c19-17-9-5-4-8-16(17)18-12-10-15(11-13-18)14-6-2-1-3-7-14/h1-3,6-7,15-17,19H,4-5,8-13H2/t16-,17-/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(1R,2R)-2-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)cyclohexan-1-ol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO :~100 mg/mL (~385.52 mM; with sonication (<80°C))
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 5 mg/mL (19.28 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one),clear solution; with ultrasonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared,you can add 100 μL of 50.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution and add it to 900 μL corn oil and mix well. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.8552 mL | 19.2760 mL | 38.5520 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7710 mL | 3.8552 mL | 7.7104 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3855 mL | 1.9276 mL | 3.8552 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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