| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
This compound targets the electron transport chain (ETC) within the inner mitochondrial membrane, the primary site of cellular respiration. As a mitochondrial inhibitor, it disrupts the process of oxidative phosphorylation, likely by interacting with one or more of the respiratory complexes (Complexes I-IV), thereby reducing ATP production.
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| ln Vitro |
Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 hydrobromide is a potent inhibitor with an IC₅0 of 8.8 mg/mL in biochemical assays assessing mitochondrial respiration. It has been shown to significantly reduce mitochondrial respiration in isolated platelets, confirming its direct effect on the metabolic machinery of these cells.
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| ln Vivo |
Not available. The primary in vivo application of this compound would be to modulate cellular metabolism. While not explicitly studied in living organisms, one could predict that its administration would lower ATP levels, increase the AMP/ATP ratio, and activate AMPK-driven catabolic pathways. No in vivo data is provided.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Not applicable. This compound is a direct inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, which is a functional readout, not a ligand-receptor interaction. Biochemical assays would typically involve the use of an Oroboros O2k or Seahorse XF Analyzer to measure oxygen consumption rates (OCR) in isolated mitochondria or intact cells treated with the compound.
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| Cell Assay |
Standard assays for assessing cellular respiration involve seeding cells in specialized 96-well plates for a Seahorse XF Analyzer. After injection of Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 hydrobromide and subsequent mitochondrial stress test reagents (e.g., oligomycin, FCCP, rotenone/antimycin A), the instrument measures the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in real-time. The decrease in OCR upon compound addition provides a direct measurement of its inhibitory effect.
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| Animal Protocol |
A typical in vivo experiment for a compound that modulates metabolism might involve administering Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 hydrobromide to mice to assess its effect on whole-body metabolism. Parameters such as blood glucose, ketone bodies, and body temperature would be monitored. In a disease model, for instance, a cancer model, one might assess whether inhibiting mitochondrial respiration reduces tumor growth or synergizes with other metabolic inhibitors.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a potent mitochondrial inhibitor, it is expected to have a very narrow therapeutic window. The molecular formula is C2₆H2₆Br2NO2PS, and its molecular weight is 607.34. For in vitro use, it is soluble in DMSO to prepare stock solutions. For in vivo use, standard formulations would involve dissolving the DMSO stock solution in a co-solvent mixture such as PEG300, Tween 80, and saline to create a solution suitable for intraperitoneal or intravenous injection.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The compound's toxicity is a direct extension of its mechanism of action, as it will affect all cells that rely on oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production. While no specific toxicological studies were provided, such a compound is expected to be highly toxic at high doses due to systemic ATP depletion, with target organs likely being the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle, which are highly dependent on mitochondrial energy production.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 hydrobromide is a potent experimental tool for inducing acute mitochondrial dysfunction. It is used to study the role of cellular respiration in various biological processes, including aging, neurodegeneration, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and cancer metabolism. This product is strictly for laboratory research and is not intended for human diagnostic or therapeutic use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C26H26BR2NO2PS
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| Molecular Weight |
607.34
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :~100 mg/mL (~164.65 mM)
DMSO :~66.67 mg/mL (~109.77 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 5 mg/mL (8.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 50.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 5 mg/mL (8.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 50.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 5 mg/mL (8.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 11.11 mg/mL (18.29 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.6465 mL | 8.2326 mL | 16.4652 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3293 mL | 1.6465 mL | 3.2930 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1647 mL | 0.8233 mL | 1.6465 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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