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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoenzymes: inducible NOS (iNOS or NOS2), neuronal NOS (nNOS or NOS1), and endothelial NOS (eNOS or NOS3). NOS is a family of enzymes that catalyze the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. iNOS is expressed in macrophages and other cell types in response to inflammatory stimuli and produces large amounts of NO. nNOS is expressed in neuronal tissues and plays critical roles in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. eNOS is expressed in endothelial cells and regulates vascular tone and blood pressure. Aminopicoline is a potent and non-selective inhibitor of all three NOS isoforms.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Aminopicoline is a potent inhibitor of iNOS, nNOS, and eNOS. By inhibiting NOS, Aminopicoline reduces the production of nitric oxide in various cell types. In cell-based assays, Aminopicoline inhibits NOS activity, as evidenced by reduced NO production measured by the Griess reagent. The compound demonstrates potent inhibitory activity against all three NOS isoforms.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Aminopicoline can be used to study the roles of NO in various physiological and pathological processes. By inhibiting all three NOS isoforms, Aminopicoline reduces systemic NO production, which can be used to study the effects of NO depletion on vascular function, neurotransmission, and immune responses. However, detailed in vivo efficacy data in specific disease models are limited in the available literature.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro enzyme/receptor binding (cell-free) assay for Aminopicoline involves measuring the inhibition of NOS enzymatic activity using purified recombinant iNOS, nNOS, and eNOS enzymes. The assay is performed by incubating the enzyme with L-arginine substrate and cofactors (NADPH, BH4, FAD, FMN) in the presence of varying concentrations of Aminopicoline. The production of nitric oxide or citrulline is measured, and the IC50 values for each NOS isoform are determined from dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Aminopicoline are performed using cell lines that express specific NOS isoforms. For iNOS inhibition, LPS-stimulated macrophages (e.g., RAW 264.7 cells) are used. For nNOS inhibition, neuronal cell lines are used. For eNOS inhibition, endothelial cells are used. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of Aminopicoline, and NO production is assessed by measuring nitrite accumulation in the culture medium using the Griess reagent.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Aminopicoline would typically be conducted in rodent models of inflammation, cardiovascular disease, or neurological disorders. Aminopicoline is administered via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection at various dose levels. NO levels or its metabolites (nitrate/nitrite) in plasma or tissues are measured. Inflammatory markers, blood pressure, or neurological outcomes are assessed depending on the disease model.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for Aminopicoline are limited. As a small molecule with a molecular weight consistent with this class of compounds, Aminopicoline is expected to have moderate oral bioavailability and tissue distribution. The compound is intended for research and analytical applications. Further pharmacokinetic studies would be required to fully characterize its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
1533 rat LD50 oral 200 mg/kg Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky, Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986, -(841), 1986
1533 mouse LD50 subcutaneous 64 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD; BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology., 53(227S), 1957 1533 rat LD50 subcutaneous 160 mg/kg Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie., 227(234), 1955 [PMID:13309418] 1533 guinea pig LD50 skin 500 mg/kg Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky, Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986, -(841), 1986 1533 mouse LD50 intravenous 39 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises., 26(345), 1968 [PMID:5716404] In preclinical studies, Aminopicoline has demonstrated a favorable safety profile at typical research doses. As a non-selective NOS inhibitor, the compound may have significant physiological effects due to the essential roles of NO in cardiovascular, neuronal, and immune function. High doses may lead to hypertension, impaired neurotransmission, or immunosuppression. Careful dose titration is required in animal studies to balance efficacy and safety. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
According to reports, plants in the Acacia genus contain 2-amino-4-methylpyridine, and relevant data are available for reference.
Aminopicoline (Ascensil) is a potent and non-selective inhibitor of NOS isoenzymes (iNOS, nNOS, eNOS). It has a CAS number of 695-34-1 and is also known as 2-amino-4-methylpyridine or 4-methyl-2-pyridinamine. Aminopicoline is used in research to study the roles of NO in various physiological and pathological processes. The compound is not approved for human use and is intended for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H8N2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
108.14
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| Exact Mass |
108.068
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| CAS # |
695-34-1
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| PubChem CID |
1533
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
227.4±20.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
96-99 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
114.0±9.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.1±0.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.574
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| LogP |
1.08
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
72.9
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1=CC(=NC=C1)N
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| InChi Key |
ORLGLBZRQYOWNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H8N2/c1-5-2-3-8-6(7)4-5/h2-4H,1H3,(H2,7,8)
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| Chemical Name |
4-methylpyridin-2-amine
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| Synonyms |
2-amino-4-methylpyridine; 4-METHYLPYRIDIN-2-AMINE; 695-34-1; 2-Amino-4-picoline; Aminopicoline;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: ≥ 100 mg/mL (924.7 mM)
H2O: 50 mg/mL (462.36 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (23.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (23.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (23.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 9.2473 mL | 46.2364 mL | 92.4727 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.8495 mL | 9.2473 mL | 18.4945 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9247 mL | 4.6236 mL | 9.2473 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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