| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
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| Targets |
Chloride Channel[1]
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In endothelial cells, fenamic acid (N-Phenylanthranilic acid, NPAA) (2.5 mM; 3 h) inhibits Cl-transport and prevents 36C1-uptake and efflux[1][2]. Fenamic acid suppresses AKR1B10 with IC50s of 0.76 μM for flufenamic acid, 1.6 μM for mefenamic acid, and 9.89 μM for meclofenamic acid, respectively. Fenamic acid shows selectivity to AKR1B10 (the tumor-marker) over human AR[4]. 50% of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with a MIC50 value between 4 and 16 µg/mL (tolfenamic acid, flufenamic acid, and meclofenamic acid) in a low frequency of resistance are inhibited by fenamic acid (4–16 μg/mL; 72 h)[5]. When applied to infected endocervical cells, fenamic acid (2–8 µg/mL; 8 h) decreases the expression of porinflammatory cytokines (IL–8, IL–6, and IL-ß) without inhibiting the cells' ability to bind commensally to Lactobacillus species (>128 µg/mL; 24 h). being a member of a healthy female vaginal microbiota[5].
|
| ln Vivo |
RPA-1 is a biomarker used to identify collecting duct damage in male rats with papillary necrosis[3]. In rats, fenamic acid (N-Phenylanthranilic acid, NPAA) (350–700 mg/kg/day; op; 4 d, 8 d, and 15 d) increases urine renal papillary antigen-1 (RPA-1) and promotes renal papillary necrosis[3]. Mice's abdominal constriction caused by acetic acid is inhibited by fenamic acid (20 g/0.2 mL; ip)[6].
|
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Male Wistar Hannover rats (8-10 weeks old; weighting 220-270 g)[3]
Doses: 50, 350, or up to 700 mg/kg Route of Administration: Oral gavage; one time/day; 7 days or 14 days Experimental Results: Increased absolute paired kidney weights (13.8% at 350 mg/kg and 21.2% at 700/500 mg/kg) and relative to body weight (10.5% at 350 mg/kg/day and 20.3% at 700/500 mg/kg/day). Caused minimal papillary necrosis of tip with necrosis, hemorrhage, and inflammation of collecting ducts. Animal/Disease Models: Male NMRI mice (weighting 20-25 g); abdominal constriction model (writhing test), induced by acetic acid[6] Doses: 100 g/mL, each mice injected with 20 mL Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; once Experimental Results: demonstrated anti-nociceptive activity and inhibited the abdominal constriction with the maximal inhibition of 96.3% (Mefenamic acid). |
| References |
[1]. Betton GR, et, al. Biomarkers of collecting duct injury in Han-Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats treated with N-phenylanthranilic Acid. Toxicol Pathol. 2012 Jun;40(4):682-94.
[2]. Mandel KG, et al. Characterization of a cyclic AMP-activated Cl-transport pathway in the apical membrane of a human colonic epithelial cell line. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jan 15. 261(2):704-12. [3]. Ueda S, et al. Chloride efflux in cyclic AMP-induced configurational change of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Circ Res. 1990 Apr. 66(4):957-67. [4]. Endo S, et al. Selective inhibition of the tumor marker AKR1B10 by antiinflammatory N-phenylanthranilic acids and glycyrrhetic acid. Biol Pharm Bull. 2010. 33(5):886-90. [5]. Seong YJ, et al. Repurposing Fenamic Acid Drugs To Combat Multidrug-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 Jun 23. 64(7):e02206-19. [6]. Almasirad A, et al. Synthesis and analgesic activity of 2-phenoxybenzoic acid and N-phenylanthranilic acid hydrazides. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 Jun. 29(6):1180-5. |
| Molecular Formula |
C13H11NO2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
213.23
|
| CAS # |
91-40-7
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| SMILES |
O=C(C1C(NC2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=CC=1)O
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 125 mg/mL (586.22 mM)
H2O: < 0.1 mg/mL |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 4.17 mg/mL (19.56 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 +5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 41.7 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 + to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.6898 mL | 23.4489 mL | 46.8977 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9380 mL | 4.6898 mL | 9.3795 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4690 mL | 2.3449 mL | 4.6898 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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