| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Lipid; DSPC does not bind to a specific pharmacological target like a receptor or enzyme. Instead, it functions as a structural excipient, forming the lipid bilayer matrix of drug delivery vehicles such as liposomes and LNPs. It can co-assemble with other lipids to create stable liposomal membranes.
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| ln Vitro |
DSPC-cholesterol is found in the outer layer of empty lipid nanoparticle (LNP) systems without siRNA, but some of it is internalized with siRNA in loaded systems [2].
DSPC itself is not a pharmacologically active compound; therefore, it does not exhibit traditional "in vitro activity" such as enzyme inhibition. Its role in vitro is as a formulation component. For instance, DSPC-based liposomes, especially when combined with cholesterol and PEGylated lipids, have been shown to have high encapsulation efficiency for various drugs and to improve serum stability. DSPC liposomes prepared with the ammonium sulfate gradient method demonstrated efficient drug-to-lipid ratios and enhanced stability. |
| ln Vivo |
As an excipient, DSPC is essential for enhancing the in vivo performance of encapsulated drugs. Studies on liposomal formulations containing DSPC have shown improved pharmacokinetics and enhanced antitumor efficacy when used to deliver therapeutic payloads, while also mitigating associated side effects. Additionally, DSPC-Azo liposomes co-encapsulated with upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) successfully inhibited tumor growth in a 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. The physical properties of DSPC bilayers (e.g., high bending rigidity and membrane thickness) contribute to its stability in biological environments.
RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics appear to offer substantial opportunities for future therapy. However, post-administration RNAi effectors are typically unable to reach disease target cells in vivo without the assistance of a delivery system or vector. The main focus of this review is on lipid-based nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems in current research and development that have at least been shown to act as effective delivery systems for functional delivery of RNAi effectors to disease target cells in vivo. The potential utility of these LNP delivery systems is growing rapidly, and LNPs are emerging as the preferred synthetic delivery systems in preclinical studies and current nonviral RNAi effector clinical trials. Moreover, studies on LNP-mediated delivery in vivo are leading to the emergence of useful biophysical parameters and physical organic chemistry rules that provide a framework for understanding in vivo delivery behaviors and outcomes. These same parameters and rules should also suggest ways and means to develop next generations of LNPs with genuine utility and long-term clinical viability[1]. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Specific enzyme/receptor binding protocols for DSPC are not applicable, as it does not function as an active drug compound. However, analytical protocols exist to characterize its purity and identity. For quality control, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) or mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is typically used. The purity of research-grade DSPC is generally ≥99%.
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| Cell Assay |
Traditional cell-based viability or proliferation assays are not standard for DSPC alone, as it is non-toxic and serves as a delivery vehicle. However, it is commonly included as a control or carrier in cell studies. Typically, DSPC/cholesterol liposomes are prepared via thin-film hydration followed by extrusion to achieve a defined size (e.g., ~100 nm). These liposomes are then added to cell cultures (e.g., HepG2, HEK293) to assess the delivery efficiency of encapsulated cargos or to evaluate cell uptake, without intrinsic induction of cytotoxicity.
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| Animal Protocol |
In a typical study involving DSPC-based formulations, specific-pathogen-free female mice (e.g., BALB/c or 4T1 tumor-bearing models) are used. Animals receive intravenous injections of DSPC liposomes loaded with therapeutic agents (e.g., doxorubicin or other anti-cancer drugs). For example, in a 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model, DSPC-Azo liposomes co-encapsulated with upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) were administered via tail vein injection to evaluate antitumor efficacy under light irradiation.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a lipid carrier, DSPC significantly alters the pharmacokinetic profile of encapsulated drugs. For instance, PEGylated DSPC liposomes encapsulating amino acid conjugates demonstrated prolonged circulation time (improved half-life) and increased plasma exposure compared to the free drug. In LNP systems, DSPC-cholesterol is internalized together with siRNA payloads, facilitating delivery to target cells. Generally, DSPC is biodegradable and can be metabolized by endogenous phospholipases.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
DSPC is considered safe for pharmaceutical use and is Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) for pulmonary administration. Toxicological evaluations have shown negative results for genotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. In a range of inhalation toxicology studies, DSPC was not associated with significant adverse effects compared to controls. It is endogenous to the lungs, which contributes to its favorable safety profile. In cell-based studies, DSPC liposomes did not show significant cytotoxicity against normal cells, making it a reliable excipient for drug delivery systems.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
1,2-Distearyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate choline is a phosphatidylcholine 36:0, in which both phosphatidyl groups are designated as stearoyl (octadecanoyl). It is functionally related to octadecanoic acid. PC (18:0/18:0) is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
DSPC (CAS 816-94-4) has the molecular formula C₄₄H₈₈NO₈P and a molecular weight of 790.15 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is (R)-2,3-bis(stearoyloxy)propyl (2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl) phosphate. Physicochemically, it is a white solid powder, insoluble in water but soluble in ethanol and DMSO (50 mg/mL). It is a cylindrical (conical) shaped lipid that tends to form stable bilayers in the gel phase at room temperature due to its high phase transition temperature (Tm) around 55°C. Storage recommendations: powder at -20°C for up to 2 years, protected from light. |
| Molecular Formula |
C44H88NO8P
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
790.15
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| Exact Mass |
789.624
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 66.88; H, 11.23; N, 1.77; O, 16.20; P, 3.92
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| CAS # |
816-94-4
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| Related CAS # |
1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine-d70;56952-01-3;1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine-d74;326495-38-9;1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine-d79;326495-39-0;1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine-d83;326495-40-3;1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine-d4;326495-35-6;1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine-d9;326495-36-7;1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine-d13;326495-37-8
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| PubChem CID |
94190
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as white to off-white solids at room temperature
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| Melting Point |
236 °C
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| LogP |
13
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
44
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| Heavy Atom Count |
54
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| Complexity |
888
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
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| InChi Key |
NRJAVPSFFCBXDT-HUESYALOSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C44H88NO8P/c1-6-8-10-12-14-16-18-20-22-24-26-28-30-32-34-36-43(46)50-40-42(41-52-54(48,49)51-39-38-45(3,4)5)53-44(47)37-35-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9-7-2/h42H,6-41H2,1-5H3/t42-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
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| Synonyms |
1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC; 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; DSPC; Distearoyl phosphatidylcholine; (R)-2,3-Bis(stearoyloxy)propyl (2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl) phosphate; 1,2-dioctadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; PC(18:0/18:0); 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-3-phosphacholine;Coatsome MC 8080;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
Ethanol: 12.5 mg/mL (15.82 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 1.25 mg/mL (1.58 mM) in 10% EtOH + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear EtOH stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 1.25 mg/mL (1.58 mM) in 10% EtOH + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear EtOH stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (1.58 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% EtOH + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2656 mL | 6.3279 mL | 12.6558 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2531 mL | 1.2656 mL | 2.5312 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1266 mL | 0.6328 mL | 1.2656 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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