| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary targets of Naringinase are its substrates, which include naringin and other flavonoid glycosides. The enzyme exhibits α-L-rhamnosidase and β-D-glucosidase activities, which allow it to hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds in these compounds. By breaking down naringin, naringinase reduces the bitterness of citrus juices. The enzyme is also used for the biotransformation of steroids and antibiotics.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In the processing of oranges and grapefruits, naringinase is used to enhance pulp washing, boost essential oil recovery, and debitter and clarify the juice [1]. Glycopeptide antibiotics, flavonoids, and glycolipids can all be deglycosylated with naringinase [2].
In vitro, Naringinase is used to hydrolyze naringin and other glycosides. One unit of enzyme activity is defined as the amount of enzyme that releases 1.0 µmole of reducing sugar (as glucose) per minute from naringin at 40°C and pH 4.0. The enzyme is also used for the deglycosylation of flavonoids or glycolipids. Naringinase activity can be measured using chromogenic or fluorogenic substrates. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Naringinase is not typically administered as a therapeutic agent. However, it is used in food processing to debitter citrus juices and enhance flavor. The enzyme's ability to hydrolyze glycosides also has potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry for the biotransformation of drugs.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro enzyme assay for Naringinase involves incubating the enzyme with its substrate, naringin, in a suitable buffer system. The hydrolysis of naringin releases rhamnose and glucose, which can be measured using a reducing sugar assay. One unit of enzyme activity is defined as the amount of enzyme that releases 1.0 µmole of reducing sugar (as glucose) per minute at 40°C and pH 4.0. Alternatively, the release of rhamnose can be measured using specific enzymatic or chromatographic methods.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Naringinase are not typically performed, as the enzyme is used primarily in food processing and biotransformation applications. However, the enzyme's activity could be studied in cell cultures that express glycosidases or in the presence of glycoside substrates. The effects of Naringinase on the metabolism of glycosides in cells could be assessed.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Naringinase are not typically performed, as the enzyme is not used as a therapeutic agent. However, the enzyme's effects on the metabolism of glycosides could be studied in animal models. The enzyme could be administered orally or via injection, and its effects on the levels of glycosides and their metabolites in blood and tissues could be assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As an enzyme, Naringinase does not have conventional pharmacokinetic properties like absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). However, the enzyme's stability and activity can be affected by temperature, pH, and the presence of inhibitors or cofactors. The enzyme is typically stored under appropriate conditions to maintain its activity. For research purposes, the enzyme is supplied as a lyophilized powder or as a solution in buffer.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Naringinase is generally considered non-toxic as a research reagent and food processing aid. The enzyme itself is a naturally occurring protein and does not present significant toxicity concerns. Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed when handling the enzyme preparation, including the use of personal protective equipment. The enzyme is typically handled as a routine laboratory reagent.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Naringinase (CAS#: 9068-31-9) is a hydrolytic enzymatic complex that exhibits α-L-rhamnosidase and β-D-glucosidase activities. It is widely found in nature and is primarily utilized for the biotransformation of steroids, antibiotics, and glycosides. Naringinase is an enzyme primarily known for its ability to hydrolyze naringin, a bitter flavonoid glycoside found in grapefruit and other citrus fruits. It has significant applications in food technology, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology due to its unique biochemical properties.
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| Molecular Formula |
C11H9N3O2.NA+
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
238.19786
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| CAS # |
9068-31-9
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| SMILES |
[Na+].O=C1C=C/C(=N/NC2=CC=CC=N2)/C(O)=C1
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 120 mg/mL
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 33.33 mg/mL (Infinity mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.1982 mL | 20.9908 mL | 41.9815 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8396 mL | 4.1982 mL | 8.3963 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4198 mL | 2.0991 mL | 4.1982 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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