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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary targets of Fucoidan include alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. It is also reported to target natural thrombin inhibitors, P- and L-selectins, various complement enzymes, CD4 glycoproteins on T lymphocytes, digestive enzymes involved in the absorption of glucose, kinases that drive mitosis such as MAPK, caspases involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis-promoting HIF-1, NK cells, T cells, and dendritic cells. By inhibiting alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, Fucoidan can modulate carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption.
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| ln Vitro |
Fucoidan is a biologically active polysaccharide found in great abundance in brown marine algae[1]. Fucoidan extracted from A. nodosum is a more potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase, with an IC50 ranging from 0.013 to 0.047 mg/mL, than the inhibition by Fucoidan extracted from F. vesiculosus (IC50=0.049 mg/mL). Fucoidan extracted from F. vesiculosus does not inhibit α-amylase activity, while Fucoidan from A. nodosum decreases α-amylase activity by 7-100% at 5 mg/mL depending upon the algae harvest period. Fucoidan from A. nodosum inhibits α-amylase with an IC50 of 0.12-4.64 mg/mL[1]. Fucoidan is a fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharide typically found in the cell wall of marine algae but also recently isolated from terrestrial sources. Fucoidan exhibits an attractive therapeutic potential against a wide array of metabolic diseases associated with oxidative stress[2].
In vitro, Fucoidan extracted from A. nodosum is a more potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase, with an IC50 ranging from 0.013 to 0.047 mg/mL, than the inhibition by Fucoidan extracted from F. vesiculosus (IC50=0.049 mg/mL). Fucoidan from A. nodosum inhibits α-amylase with an IC50 of 0.12-4.64 mg/mL. Fucoidan significantly decreased viable cell number in a dose-response manner with an IC50 of 550 ±4.3 μg/mL. It is soluble in water at 10 mg/mL. |
| ln Vivo |
While three injections of 10 mg/kg/body weight of fumoidan dramatically diminish tumor development and metastasis, a single injection of 25 mg/kg/body does not prevent the proliferation of tumor cells[3].
In vivo, Fucoidan has been shown to dramatically diminish tumor development and metastasis in mice with three injections of 10 mg/kg body weight. In another study, mice injected with 100 mg/kg of Fucoidan demonstrated the best survival rate at 30 days post-irradiation. The compound has anticoagulant, antitumor, antioxidant, and antilipid activities. It induces macrophage activation, which subsequently activates mitogen-activated protein kinases. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro enzyme assay for Fucoidan involves measuring the inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase activity. For alpha-glucosidase, the enzyme is incubated with a chromogenic substrate, such as 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, in the presence of Fucoidan. The release of 4-nitrophenol is measured spectrophotometrically at 400 nm. For alpha-amylase, the enzyme is incubated with starch, and the production of reducing sugars is measured using a colorimetric assay. The IC50 values are calculated by fitting dose-response curves to the inhibition data.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Fucoidan typically involve the use of cancer cell lines to assess its antiproliferative effects. Cells are treated with Fucoidan at various concentrations, and cell viability is measured using standard assays such as MTT or CellTiter-Glo. The compound's effects on cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and signaling pathways may also be assessed. Fucoidan has been shown to significantly decrease viable cell number in a dose-response manner.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Mice[3]
Doses: 10-400 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; followed by total-body irradiation Experimental Results: The mice injected with 100 mg/kg demonstrated the best survival rate at 30 days post-irradiation. In vivo animal studies for Fucoidan typically involve the administration of the compound to rodent models. In one study, mice were injected intraperitoneally with Fucoidan at doses of 10-400 mg/kg. The compound's effects on tumor development, metastasis, and survival were assessed. In another study, mice were injected with 100 mg/kg of Fucoidan and monitored for survival post-irradiation. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a polysaccharide, the pharmacokinetic properties of Fucoidan would depend on its molecular weight and degree of sulfation. The compound is water-soluble and is likely to have poor oral bioavailability due to its large size and negative charge. It may be absorbed to a limited extent through the gastrointestinal tract or administered via injection. Detailed ADME parameters such as half-life, bioavailability, and tissue distribution are not fully available in the public domain. The compound is typically stored as a powder at -20°C.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
There is no specific toxicity data reported for Fucoidan in the available literature. As a natural product and research chemical, it is generally considered safe at research doses. However, standard safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound. Toxicity studies, including acute and sub-chronic dosing in animal models, would be required if the compound were to be developed further for therapeutic applications. The compound is supplied with a purity of ≥98%.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Fucoidan is a bioactive polysaccharide found in great abundance in brown marine algae. It is a fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharide typically found in the cell wall of marine algae but also recently isolated from terrestrial sources. Fucoidan is a potent inhibitor of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. It has anticoagulant, antitumor, antioxidant, and antilipid activities. Fucoidan exhibits an attractive therapeutic potential against a wide array of metabolic diseases associated with oxidative stress. It also has anticancer, antiviral, neuroprotective, and immune-modulating properties.
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| Molecular Formula |
C7H14O7S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
242.2469
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| Exact Mass |
242.046
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| CAS # |
9072-19-9
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 10 mg/mL
DMSO: < 1 mg/mL |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 33.33 mg/mL (Infinity mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication (<60°C).
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.1280 mL | 20.6398 mL | 41.2797 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8256 mL | 4.1280 mL | 8.2559 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4128 mL | 2.0640 mL | 4.1280 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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