| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10g |
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| 25g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Tetraethylammonium chloride non-selectively blocks various types of potassium channels, including voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv), calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa), and inward rectifier potassium channels (Kir). It acts as a good substrate for organic cation transporters (OCTN1), making it a useful tool for studying transporter function in addition to potassium channel inhibition.
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| ln Vitro |
The treatment of C6 and 9L glioma cells with tetraethylammonium (0.2-60 mM; 24-72 hours) reduces their proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner [1]. Apoptosis is markedly increased by tetraethylammonium (40 mM; 24-72 hours; C6 and 9L glioma cells) therapy [1]. Treatment of C6 and 9L glioma cells with 40 mM tetraethylammonium for 12–48 hours dramatically raises the Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio in a time-dependent manner [1]. After adding 20 and 40 mM tetraethylammonium to C6 and 9L cells, intracellular ROS generation increased [1].
In vitro, tetraethylammonium chloride (0.2-60 mM; 24-72 hours) inhibits the proliferation of C6 and 9L rat glioma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. At 40 mM, it significantly increases apoptosis in these cells and markedly elevates the Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio. It also increases intracellular ROS generation. TEA chloride is used in cell electrophysiology to block potassium currents and prolong action potential duration, often serving as a positive control in ion channel studies. |
| ln Vivo |
In the rat colon and rectum, tetraethylammonium (1 mM, 3 mM, and 5 mM) dramatically enhances the amplitude and frequency of longitudinal and circular contractions. For ten days, tetraethylammonium was applied topically from the anus into the intestinal lumen. Rat colon and rectum histology was unaffected by tetraethylammonium at doses of 5 mM and 15 mM [2].
In vivo, tetraethylammonium chloride (1 mM, 3 mM, and 5 mM) significantly increases the amplitude and frequency of contractility of colon and rectum from rats in both longitudinal and circular directions. At 5 mM and 15 mM concentrations, locally administered TEA chloride into the colon lumen for 10 days shows no effect on colonic and rectal histology. TEA chloride also induces cardiac arrhythmias, including torsade de pointes, in animal models, due to potassium channel blockade and prolongation of cardiac repolarization. |
| Enzyme Assay |
To evaluate TEA chloride as a potassium channel blocker in vitro, cells expressing specific potassium channel subtypes (e.g., HEK293 cells expressing Kv1.5) are subjected to whole-cell patch-clamp recording. TEA chloride is applied at concentrations ranging from 0.1-100 mM, and potassium currents are elicited by voltage-step protocols. The IC50 for current inhibition is calculated from dose-response curves. For ligand binding assays, radiolabeled TEA (e.g., [3H]TEA) can be used to study binding to potassium channels or OCT transporters.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell Proliferation Assay[1]
Cell Types: Rat C6 and 9L glioma cells Tested Concentrations: 0.2mM, 2mM, 20mM, 40mM and 60mM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours), 48 hrs (hours) and 72 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Inhibited the proliferation of C6 and 9L cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Apoptosis Analysis[1] Cell Types: Rat C6 and 9L glioma cells Tested Concentrations: 40 mM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours), 48 hrs (hours) and 72 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Dramatically increased apoptosis in cells. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: Rat C6 and 9L glioma cells Tested Concentrations: 40 mM Incubation Duration: 12 hrs (hours), 24 hrs (hours), 48 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: The expression of Bax was markedly increased, while that of Bcl-2 demonstrated a decreasing trend 12 , 24 and 48 h. For cell proliferation and apoptosis assays, C6 or 9L rat glioma cells are seeded in 96-well plates and treated with TEA chloride at concentrations of 0.2-60 mM for 24-72 hours. Cell proliferation is assessed by MTT assay or direct cell counting. Apoptosis is measured by flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI staining or by caspase-3 activity assays. Protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 is analyzed by Western blot. ROS generation is measured using DCFH-DA dye. All experiments should include vehicle controls. |
| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, TEA chloride is typically dissolved in saline or PBS. For gastrointestinal motility studies, rats are anesthetized, and TEA chloride (1-15 mM) is administered locally into the colon lumen via a catheter inserted from the anus. Contractility amplitude and frequency are recorded by manometry. For cardiac arrhythmia studies, TEA chloride is administered intravenously (10-100 mg/kg) to anesthetized animals, and electrocardiograms (ECGs) are recorded to monitor QT interval prolongation and arrhythmia incidence.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetics of TEA chloride have been studied primarily as a model substrate for organic cation transporters. TEA undergoes renal secretion via OCT2 and MATE transporters with minimal metabolism. In humans, TEA has a plasma half-life of approximately 2-4 hours and is excreted unchanged in urine. In rats, TEA chloride shows good bioavailability when administered intraperitoneally (approximately 80%) but poor oral bioavailability (approximately 5-10%). TEA distributes widely but does not significantly cross the blood-brain barrier due to its quaternary ammonium structure.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
TEA chloride is known to induce cardiac arrhythmias, including torsade de pointes, in animal models due to non-selective potassium channel blockade and prolongation of cardiac repolarization. In humans, TEA chloride is not used therapeutically due to its toxicity profile. At high doses (e.g., 100 mg/kg i.v.), TEA chloride can cause respiratory depression and neuromuscular blockade. In cell culture, concentrations up to 40 mM induce apoptosis in glioma cells but are cytotoxic to many cell types. TEA chloride has a low oral bioavailability, reducing systemic toxicity when administered orally.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Tetraethylammonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt with four ethyl substituents surrounding the nitrogen atom at its cation center. It is a potassium ion channel blocker. It is both a quaternary ammonium salt and an organochlorine salt. It contains a tetraethylammonium group.
A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90) TEA chloride is primarily a research tool and is not approved as a drug for clinical use. It is widely used as a standard potassium channel blocker in electrophysiology, cell biology, and transport studies. TEA chloride is also used in the study of organic cation transporters (OCTs) as a model substrate. The compound has historically been used as a chemical intermediate and in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds. It should be stored at room temperature in a dry, sealed container and is soluble in water up to 100 mM. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be taken when handling TEA chloride. |
| Molecular Formula |
C8H20CLN
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
165.70
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| Exact Mass |
165.128
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| CAS # |
56-34-8
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| Related CAS # |
66-40-0 (Parent)
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| PubChem CID |
5946
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.08
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| Melting Point |
39°C
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
47.5
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC.[Cl-]
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| InChi Key |
YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H20N.ClH/c1-5-9(6-2,7-3)8-4;/h5-8H2,1-4H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
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| Chemical Name |
tetraethylazanium;chloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (603.50 mM)
H2O: ≥ 100 mg/mL (603.50 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.09 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.09 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.09 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (603.50 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.0350 mL | 30.1750 mL | 60.3500 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2070 mL | 6.0350 mL | 12.0700 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6035 mL | 3.0175 mL | 6.0350 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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