Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Mca-Ala-Pro-Lys(Dnp)-OH is a fluorogenic peptide substrate that is specifically cleaved by ACE2. The substrate is not a drug but a research tool for measuring ACE2 enzyme activity. The Mca-Ala-Pro-Lys(Dnp)-OH sequence is recognized and hydrolyzed by ACE2, which cleaves the peptide bond between the proline and lysine residues (Pro-Lys bond or similar depending on the exact sequence). The substrate is used in cell-free assays to determine ACE2 activity and to test the potency of ACE2 inhibitors. The compound does not have a pharmacological target in the traditional sense; rather, it is a substrate for the enzyme. The substrate is also used in high-throughput screening (HTS) to identify novel ACE2 inhibitors. The substrate is specific for ACE2 and is not cleaved by other proteases such as ACE or MMPs, although some cross-reactivity may exist; thus, it is important to use controls to confirm specificity. The substrate has a Km value (Michaelis constant) that can be determined experimentally under the assay conditions. The substrate is used to quantify ACE2 activity in biological fluids (urine, plasma, saliva), tissue homogenates (heart, lung, kidney), and cell lysates. This substrate is also used to measure ACE2 activity in the presence of inhibitors, such as DX600 or MLN-4760. The substrate is stable and can be stored as a stock solution. The assay is simple and can be performed in a microplate format, making it suitable for high-throughput screening. The substrate is available from multiple commercial suppliers. It is a research-use-only product, not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic use.

Active fluorescence resonance energy transfer method is used to detect ACE2 activity after hydrolyzing the fluorescent peptide substrate Mca-AlaPro-Lys(Dnp)-OH [3].

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Mca-Ala-Pro-Lys(Dnp)-OH is a specific quenched fluorogenic substrate for ACE2. In vitro, the peptide is hydrolyzed by ACE2, resulting in a significant increase in fluorescence due to the separation of the Mca fluorophore and the Dnp quencher. The substrate has been validated using recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2) and ACE2 from biological samples such as urine, heart, and lung tissues. The activity of ACE2 enzyme is detected by this fluorescent peptide substrate: Mca-Ala-Pro-Lys(Dnp)-OH is hydrolyzed by ACE2 and its product is detected by the active fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) method. The substrate shows a high signal-to-background ratio, enabling sensitive detection of ACE2 activity. The substrate is stable and does not undergo significant spontaneous hydrolysis. The kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of the substrate for ACE2 have been determined experimentally. The substrate is specific for ACE2; it is not hydrolyzed by other related enzymes such as ACE or MMPs under the same assay conditions, as confirmed by using selective inhibitors and control experiments. The substrate is used to measure ACE2 activity in a variety of in vitro systems, including purified enzyme, cell lysates, tissue homogenates, and biological fluids. The sensitivity of the assay is in the low picomolar to nanomolar range for ACE2 concentration. The substrate can be used to screen for ACE2 inhibitors, with Z‘ factors >0.5, indicating a robust assay for HTS. The substrate is also used to measure the effect of pH, temperature, and metal ions (Zn2+) on ACE2 activity. In vitro, ACE2 activity is optimal at pH 6.5-7.5 and requires Zn2+ as a cofactor. The substrate is not cytotoxic and can be used in cell-based assays to measure cellular ACE2 activity in live cells or cell lysates. However, the substrate is cell-impermeable; for live cell assays, the cells need to be permeabilized or the substrate is used in cell lysates. Alternatively, a cell-permeable ACE2 substrate would be needed for live cell imaging. The substrate is widely used in ACE2 research due to its sensitivity, specificity, and ease of use. It has been cited in numerous publications, including studies on COVID-19 pathogenesis, cardiovascular diseases, and kidney diseases. The substrate is an essential tool for studying ACE2 biology. The substrate is also used to measure ACE2 activity in clinical samples, such as urine from patients with kidney disease or plasma from COVID-19 patients. However, for clinical diagnostic applications, the assay would require validation and regulatory approval. The substrate is not intended for clinical use. It is a research tool.

ACE2 is predominantly membrane-bound, but soluble ACE2 (sACE2) is present in biological fluids. In vivo, the substrate is not typically administered to animals but is used to measure ACE2 activity in tissue homogenates or biological samples collected from animals. For example, ACE2 activity can be measured in urine, plasma, heart homogenates, lung homogenates, and kidney homogenates from animal models of disease (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, COVID-19). The substrate can also be used in vivo by microinjection or local administration to measure ACE2 activity in specific tissues, but this is less common. The typical use is ex vivo. For in vivo studies, animals are treated with test compounds (e.g., ACE2 inhibitors or activators), and then tissue samples are collected and homogenized. ACE2 activity in the homogenates is measured using the Mca-Ala-Pro-Lys(Dnp)-OH substrate. This allows researchers to assess the effect of treatments on ACE2 activity in specific organs. For example, in a rat model of diabetes, ACE2 activity in the heart and kidney can be measured using this substrate. Treatment with DX600 (an ACE2 inhibitor) can reduce ACE2 activity, while treatment with ACE2 activators (e.g., diminazene aceturate) can increase activity. The substrate has also been used to measure ACE2 activity in lung tissues from mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 to study the effect of viral infection on ACE2 expression and activity. The sensitivity of the assay is sufficient to detect ACE2 activity in small tissue samples (5-50 mg). The assay can be normalized to protein concentration or tissue weight. The substrate is an essential tool for ex vivo measurement of ACE2 activity in animal studies. The in vivo effects of drugs on ACE2 activity can be assessed using this substrate. The substrate is not itself administered to animals as a drug; it is a diagnostic reagent for ex vivo measurements. Therefore, there are no direct in vivo effects of the substrate. However, the substrate can be used to measure the in vivo activity of ACE2 after drug treatment. The protocol for tissue homogenization and ACE2 activity measurement is described below (in the animal protocol section). The substrate is also used to measure ACE2 activity in cell culture supernatants or cell lysates from primary cells or cell lines treated with drugs or cytokines. This allows researchers to study the regulation of ACE2 expression and activity in response to various stimuli. The substrate is a versatile tool for ACE2 research. It is important to note that the substrate is designed for in vitro and ex vivo use, not for in vivo administration to animals for the purpose of imaging or activity measurement, as the substrate is not optimized for in vivo use (it may be rapidly cleared or degraded). However, researchers have developed derivatives for in vivo imaging. The standard Mca-Ala-Pro-Lys(Dnp)-OH substrate is for in vitro/ex vivo use.

ACE2 fluorometric activity assay protocol: Prepare the ACE2 assay buffer (50-100 mM MES, pH 6.5-7.5, or 50-100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, containing 50-300 mM NaCl, 1-10 microM ZnCl2). For biological samples (e.g., urine, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates), dilute the sample appropriately in assay buffer. For tissue homogenates: Weigh the tissue (e.g., 20-50 mg of heart, lung, or kidney). Homogenize the tissue in ice-cold assay buffer (e.g., 0.5-1.0 mL) using a mechanical homogenizer. Centrifuge the homogenate at 10,000-15,000×g for 10-15 minutes at 4degC. Collect the supernatant. Determine the protein concentration (e.g., by Bradford or BCA assay) and dilute to a uniform concentration (e.g., 50-200 microg/mL) with assay buffer. For urine samples: Collect urine (e.g., from rats or mice) on ice. Centrifuge at 5,000-10,000×g for 5-10 minutes at 4degC to remove debris. Use the supernatant directly or store at -80degC. Dilute urine samples at least 1:2 to 1:10 in assay buffer to reduce matrix effects. For plasma: Collect blood into tubes containing heparin or EDTA as anticoagulant. Centrifuge at 3,000×g for 10 minutes at 4degC to obtain plasma. Dilute plasma at least 1:5 to 1:10 in assay buffer. For cell lysates: Wash cells with PBS, scrape and collect in assay buffer, sonicate or freeze-thaw, centrifuge, and collect the supernatant. Prepare the substrate solution: Prepare a 10-20 mM stock solution of Mca-Ala-Pro-Lys(Dnp)-OH in 1% NH4OH or DMSO. For the assay, dilute the stock solution to a final concentration of 10-50 microM in assay buffer. The final DMSO or NH4OH concentration should be kept low (<1%) to avoid inhibition of ACE2 activity. In a 96-well black plate, add 20-50 microL of sample or ACE2 standard (e.g., recombinant human ACE2) to each well. Add 50-100 microL of assay buffer to each well. Pre-incubate the plate at 37degC for 5-10 minutes. Start the reaction by adding 50-100 microL of substrate solution to each well to achieve a final substrate concentration of 5-25 microM. The final assay volume is typically 100-200 microL. Incubate the plate at 37degC in the dark for 30-120 minutes. Measure fluorescence at excitation/emission 320/405 nm (Mca) or 320/420 nm using a fluorescence microplate reader. The fluorescence reading should be taken at multiple time points (kinetic reading) to ensure linearity, or at a single endpoint if linearity is confirmed. Calculate the rate of fluorescence increase (deltaF/min) for each well. For quantification, prepare a standard curve using a known concentration of the cleaved product (e.g., Mca-Pro-Lys(Dnp)-OH or Mca-Ala-Pro) or use recombinant ACE2 standards to convert deltaF/min to units of ACE2 activity (pmol/min/mg protein or pmol/min/mL). Include negative controls: (1) No enzyme control (assay buffer only); (2) Heat-inactivated sample (boil for 10 minutes); (3) Sample pre-incubated with a specific ACE2 inhibitor (e.g., DX600, 1-10 microM, or MLN-4760, 10-100 nM) to confirm that the fluorescence increase is due to ACE2 activity. Include positive controls: recombinant human ACE2 (10-50 ng/mL) or tissue samples known to have high ACE2 activity (e.g., mouse kidney or testis). Determine the IC₅0 of ACE2 inhibitors by pre-incubating the enzyme with varying concentrations of the inhibitor for 10-30 minutes before adding the substrate. Calculate IC₅0 using nonlinear regression analysis (log[inhibitor] vs. response). This protocol has been validated and is widely used for ACE2 activity measurement. The assay is robust, sensitive, and suitable for high-throughput screening. The substrate is stable at -20degC or -80degC as a stock solution. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. The substrate is light-sensitive; protect from light. Use black plates to minimize background fluorescence. The reaction should be carried out in the dark or with reduced light. The optimal pH for ACE2 is around 6.5-7.5; for plasma ACE2 activity, pH 6.5 may be optimal. The presence of Zn2+ (1-10 microM) is required for ACE2 activity. The addition of 1 mM EDTA to the assay buffer can be used to chelate Zn2+ and confirm metal dependence. The substrate may also be cleaved by other proteases, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) or some serine proteases, under certain conditions. To confirm specificity, always include a well with an ACE2-specific inhibitor (DX600 or MLN-4760). The activity that is not inhibited by the specific inhibitor is considered non-ACE2 activity. The use of a fluorogenic substrate with a quencher improves sensitivity and reduces background. The substrate is an essential tool for ACE2 research. This assay is recommended for measuring ACE2 activity in research settings. For clinical diagnostics, the assay would require further validation. The substrate is not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic use. It is a research-use-only product. Always follow the manufacturer‘s instructions for handling and storage. Dispose of waste according to local regulations. The protocol described here is a general guide. The specific assay conditions (buffer composition, substrate concentration, incubation time, etc.) may need to be optimized for each biological sample type and experimental setup. Perform a pilot experiment to determine the linear range of enzyme activity and the optimal sample dilution. The substrate is available from multiple commercial suppliers. The purity is typically ≥95% by HPLC. The molecular weight is 696.67. The chemical formula is C32H3₆N₆O12. The compound is a solid (lyophilized powder) and should be stored at -20degC or -80degC. Protect from light. Solutions should be prepared fresh or stored frozen in small aliquots and protected from light. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. The substrate is light-sensitive; therefore, all handling should be performed in a dark or low-light environment. Use amber vials or wrap tubes in aluminum foil. The substrate is stable for several hours at room temperature if protected from light. However, for consistent results, add the substrate immediately before use and keep the plate in the dark during incubation. The assay is compatible with high-throughput screening (HTS) in 96-well, 384-well, or 1536-well formats. The Z‘ factor for this assay is typically >0.5, indicating excellent assay quality. The substrate is widely used in drug discovery programs targeting ACE2. The assay can be used to measure ACE2 activity in a variety of species, including human, mouse, rat, and other mammals. The cross-reactivity with ACE2 from different species is generally high, but it is advisable to use species-matched ACE2 standards if available. For example, human recombinant ACE2 can be used to measure human samples, and mouse recombinant ACE2 for mouse samples. If species-specific standards are not available, use a common standard and report relative activity. The assay can be used to measure both membrane-bound ACE2 and soluble ACE2. For membrane-bound ACE2, detergents (e.g., Triton X-100, 0.1-0.5%) can be included in the lysis buffer to solubilize the membrane protein. However, detergents may affect enzyme activity; therefore, their use should be validated. For urine and plasma, soluble ACE2 is present. The assay measures total ACE2 activity, which includes both soluble and membrane-bound forms after solubilization.

The substrate is not cell-permeable; for measuring cellular ACE2 activity in live cells, use a cell-permeable substrate or permeabilize the cells (e.g., with 0.1% Triton X-100). Alternatively, measure ACE2 activity in cell lysates. The assay can be performed in a microplate format and read kinetically using a fluorescence plate reader with temperature control. This allows real-time monitoring of enzyme activity. For endpoint measurements, ensure that the reaction is linear with time for the duration of the incubation. The substrate is not intended for in vivo imaging or administration. It is an in vitro/ex vivo reagent. For imaging ACE2 activity in living animals, researchers have developed activatable probes based on this substrate, but these are not commercially available. The standard Mca-Ala-Pro-Lys(Dnp)-OH is a research tool for in vitro and ex vivo applications. Always include appropriate controls (no enzyme, no substrate, inhibitor control) in each experiment. The results should be normalized to protein concentration or tissue weight for quantitative comparison between samples. The assay is robust and has been used in hundreds of publications. The protocol provided here is a compilation from multiple sources. The user should consult primary literature for specific applications. The substrate is manufactured and supplied by multiple chemical suppliers. The user should follow the manufacturer‘s instructions for reconstitution and storage. The certificate of analysis (COA) provides lot-specific purity and storage information. The substrate is stable for at least one year when stored at -20degC as a lyophilized powder. Once reconstituted, store at -80degC and use within 6 months. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. The recommended reconstitution solvent is 100% DMSO or 1% NH4OH. The stock solution concentration is typically 10-20 mM. The stock solution should be protected from light. The substrate is soluble in DMSO and may be sparingly soluble in aqueous buffers. To prepare the working solution, dilute the stock solution in assay buffer and vortex or sonicate to ensure complete dissolution. The final DMSO concentration should be ≤1% to avoid enzyme inhibition. The stock solution can be stored at -20degC or -80degC. The substrate is a solid and should be allowed to warm to room temperature before opening to prevent moisture condensation. The substrate is not classified as hazardous; but avoid inhalation, ingestion, and contact with skin and eyes. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed. Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Use appropriate personal protective equipment (lab coat, gloves, safety glasses). Dispose of waste according to local regulations. Not for human diagnostic or therapeutic use. For research use only. The substrate should not be used for any purpose other than research. The user is responsible for complying with all applicable laws and regulations. The information provided here is for reference only. The user should consult primary literature for detailed experimental protocols. The substrate is an essential tool for ACE2 research, particularly for studying the renin-angiotensin system, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, pulmonary diseases, and COVID-19 pathogenesis. Its high sensitivity and specificity make it the preferred substrate for measuring ACE2 activity in research laboratories.

The Mca-Ala-Pro-Lys(Dnp)-OH substrate is used ex vivo to measure ACE2 activity in biological samples collected from animals. For example, in a rat model of diabetes or hypertension, animals are treated with test compounds (e.g., ACE2 inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, or candidate drugs). At the end of the study, tissues (e.g., heart, lung, kidney) and biological fluids (e.g., urine, plasma) are collected. Tissue homogenates, plasma, or urine are prepared as described in the in vitro protocol section. ACE2 activity is measured using the substrate. The activity is compared between treatment groups. This allows researchers to assess the effect of drug treatments on ACE2 activity in specific organs. The protocol for animal sample collection and processing: Animals are anesthetized and euthanized according to institutional guidelines. Blood is collected by cardiac puncture or from the vena cava into EDTA or heparin tubes. Plasma is separated by centrifugation (3,000×g, 10 minutes, 4degC). Urine is collected from the bladder or from metabolic cages. Organs (heart, lung, kidney, testis, intestine) are dissected, rinsed in cold PBS to remove blood, blotted dry, weighed, and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen. Tissues are stored at -80degC until analysis. On the day of analysis, tissues are thawed on ice, and homogenized in 5-10 volumes (w/v) of ice-cold ACE2 assay buffer containing protease inhibitors (e.g., 1 mM PMSF, 10 microg/mL leupeptin, 10 microg/mL aprotinin) and/or 0.1-0.5% Triton X-100 (for membrane-bound ACE2). Homogenization is performed using a mechanical homogenizer (e.g., Polytron) or a bead homogenizer. The homogenate is centrifuged at 10,000-15,000×g for 15-30 minutes at 4degC. The supernatant is collected. Protein concentration is measured. Samples are diluted to 50-200 microg/mL protein in assay buffer. For urine and plasma, samples are thawed on ice and diluted 2-10 fold in assay buffer. ACE2 activity is measured using the fluorogenic substrate as described above. The results are expressed as pmol of substrate cleaved per minute per mg of protein (for tissues) or per mL (for biological fluids). Include the ACE2-specific inhibitor DX600 (10 microM) as a control to confirm that the measured activity is due to ACE2. The activity that is inhibited by DX600 is considered specific ACE2 activity. This method has been used in numerous animal studies, including those involving spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), diabetic rats (STZ-treated), and SARS-CoV-2-infected mice. The substrate is not administered to the animals; it is used ex vivo. Therefore, there are no specific animal dosing protocols for the substrate itself. However, the substrate can be used to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of ACE2 modulators in vivo. For example, if an investigator wants to test whether a new drug increases ACE2 activity in the lung, animals are treated with the drug, lung homogenates are prepared, and ACE2 activity is measured using the substrate. In this case, the treatment protocol depends on the drug being tested, not on the substrate. The substrate is a tool for measuring the endpoint. The animal protocol should be designed according to the standard guidelines for the specific disease model and drug. The substrate is stable in sample homogenates and can be stored frozen until analysis. However, ACE2 activity may be labile; therefore, samples should be processed and assayed as soon as possible after collection. If samples must be stored, freeze at -80degC and minimize the number of freeze-thaw cycles. The activity of ACE2 in frozen samples may decrease over time; therefore, it is recommended to assay all samples within a short period (e.g., 1-3 months). For best results, measure ACE2 activity in freshly prepared samples. The assay should be performed on ice or at 4degC until the reaction is initiated. The reaction is carried out at 37degC. The substrate is stable under the assay conditions. The assay is robust and can be used to measure ACE2 activity in samples from various species. The substrate is not for in vivo administration. It is an in vitro/ex vivo reagent. The use of this substrate has advanced the understanding of the role of ACE2 in health and disease. It is an essential tool for research. The substrate is not approved for clinical use. For clinical research, the substrate can be used to measure ACE2 activity in human urine, plasma, or tissue samples obtained from patients under an approved research protocol. However, this would be considered human subjects research and would require IRB approval. The substrate is not a diagnostic product. It is for research use only. Always follow the manufacturer‘s instructions and safety guidelines. Dispose of waste in accordance with local regulations. This information is provided for research purposes only and should not be used for clinical diagnosis or treatment. The user is responsible for ensuring compliance with all applicable regulations.

The substrate has a molecular weight of 696.66 and molecular formula C32H3₆N₆O12. Appearance: White to off-white powder. The substrate is supplied as a lyophilized powder. Storage: Store the lyophilized powder at -20degC or -80degC, protected from light. In solution, store at -20degC or -80degC, protected from light, and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. The substrate is stable for at least one year when stored as a lyophilized powder under the recommended conditions. Reconstitute the substrate in 100% DMSO or 1% NH4OH to a stock concentration of 10-20 mM. For long-term storage, aliquot the stock solution and store at -80degC. The stock solution is stable for at least 6 months at -80degC. Protect from light. When preparing the working solution, dilute the stock solution in the assay buffer to the desired final concentration (typically 10-50 microM). The final DMSO or NH4OH concentration in the assay should be ≤1% to avoid inhibition of ACE2 activity. The solubility of the substrate in aqueous buffers is limited; therefore, prepare the working solution fresh and use immediately. The substrate may precipitate if stored in aqueous solution for extended periods. Do not freeze the working solution; prepare fresh for each experiment. The substrate is light-sensitive; therefore, all handling should be performed in a dark or low-light environment. Use amber vials or wrap tubes in aluminum foil. Avoid exposure to strong light. The substrate is stable for at least 8 hours at room temperature in the dark. The substrate is not considered hazardous; but standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Use appropriate personal protective equipment. Dispose of waste according to local regulations. Not for human diagnostic or therapeutic use. For research use only. The substrate is a valuable tool for studying ACE2 activity. It is used in many research areas, including hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, and COVID-19. The substrate is available from multiple commercial suppliers. The user should follow the manufacturer's instructions. The information provided here is a general guide. The substrate is widely cited in the scientific literature. The user should consult the primary literature for specific applications. The substrate is not a drug; it is a research reagent. Therefore, pharmacokinetics and toxicity data are not relevant. The substrate is not intended for in vivo administration.

The safety assessment applies only to handling of the chemical in the laboratory. The substrate is stable and should be stored according to the manufacturer‘s instructions.

[1]. Sex differences in renal angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity are 17β-oestradiol-dependent and sex chromosome-independent. Biol Sex Differ. 2010;1(1):6. Published 2010 Nov 5.

[2]. Urinary angiotensin converting enzyme 2 increases in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2015;40(2):101-110.

The purity is typically ≥95% by HPLC. The substrate is also used in the quality control of ACE2 enzyme preparations. It can be used to measure ACE2 activity during protein purification. The substrate is also used to characterize the kinetic properties of ACE2 mutants or variants. The substrate is compatible with high-throughput screening (HTS) and can be used to identify small-molecule ACE2 inhibitors. In conclusion, the Mca-Ala-Pro-Lys(Dnp)-OH substrate is an essential tool for ACE2 research. Its high specificity and sensitivity, ease of use, and compatibility with high-throughput screening make it a popular choice among researchers. The substrate has enabled numerous discoveries about the role of ACE2 in health and disease. It is a research-use-only product. It is not approved for clinical use. The user is responsible for ensuring compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.

C32H36N6O12

696.66

638.233

305336-82-7

99647972

Yellow to orange solid powder

1.4±0.1 g/cm3

989.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg

551.9±34.3 °C

0.0±0.3 mmHg at 25°C

1.658

3.94

4

13

14

50

1330

3

C[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCNC2=C(C=C(C=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])C(=O)O)NC(=O)CC3=CC(=O)OC4=C3C=CC(=C4)OC

INOZJECNSBDPGT-WDNCENIBSA-N

InChI=1S/C32H36N6O12/c1-18(34-28(39)14-19-15-29(40)50-27-17-21(49-2)9-10-22(19)27)31(42)36-13-5-7-25(36)30(41)35-24(32(43)44)6-3-4-12-33-23-11-8-20(37(45)46)16-26(23)38(47)48/h8-11,15-18,24-25,33H,3-7,12-14H2,1-2H3,(H,34,39)(H,35,41)(H,43,44)/t18-,24-,25-/m0/s1

(2S)-6-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[2-(7-methoxy-2-oxochromen-4-yl)acetyl]amino]propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]hexanoic acid

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO: 50 mg/mL (71.77 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.59 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 +5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 + to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)