| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Targets |
This compound serves as an internal standard reference compound for analytical methods rather than a pharmacologically active drug targeting specific biological pathways. It is used for quantifying carnitine levels in biological samples by mass spectrometry. The native L-carnitine isomer functions as a cofactor in the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix for beta-oxidation, playing a central role in cellular energy generation in high-demand tissues such as cardiac and skeletal muscle.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
DL-Carnitine-d9 chloride is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of carnitine by GC- or LC-MS and does not directly exert pharmacological effects in vitro as a test compound. The unlabeled parent compound DL-carnitine induces tetanic fade in stimulated isolated rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparations at 60 uM, an effect blocked by choline. DL-carnitine (60 and 120 uM) does not increase glucose or urea production from L-glutamine in isolated rat liver, distinguishing it from L-carnitine. |
| ln Vivo |
DL-Carnitine-d9 chloride is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of carnitine by GC- or LC-MS and does not directly exert pharmacological effects in vivo as a test compound. The unlabeled parent compound DL-carnitine does not compensate for carnitine deficiency in skeletal muscle of rats receiving a carnitine-deficient diet. This distinguishes it from L-carnitine, which is known for its metabolic effects in fatty acid oxidation and energy production.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A typical LC-MS/MS protocol for carnitine quantification: Serum or plasma samples are spiked with deuterated carnitine internal standard. To measure total carnitine, samples are hydrolyzed with potassium hydroxide to convert acylcarnitines to free carnitine. Proteins are precipitated using acetonitrile or methanol containing 0.1% formic acid. After centrifugation (12,000×g, 5 min), the supernatant is analyzed by LC-MS/MS with a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) column. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions for carnitine (m/z 162 → 103) and deuterated internal standard (m/z 171 → 112) are used for quantification.
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| Cell Assay |
To assess cellular uptake or metabolism, cells are cultured in appropriate media, then treated with deuterated carnitine at concentrations ranging from 1-100 uM for 1-24 hours. Cells are washed with cold PBS, harvested, and lysed. Cell lysates or supernatants are processed for LC-MS/MS analysis. Carnitine and acylcarnitine species are extracted and quantified using deuterated internal standards. Data are normalized to protein content or cell count. This protocol is used to study carnitine transport, metabolism, and the effects of various compounds on carnitine homeostasis.
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| Animal Protocol |
A standard in vivo protocol: Animals (rats or mice) receive a single oral dose of test compound, followed by collection of blood samples at multiple time points (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 hours). Plasma is separated and spiked with (+/-)-Carnitine-d9 chloride (50-200 ng/mL) as internal standard. After protein precipitation with acetonitrile, samples are analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters including Cmax, Tmax, AUC, half-life, and bioavailability are calculated from concentration-time data.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
(+/-)-Carnitine-d9 chloride serves as an internal standard for pharmacokinetic studies of carnitine and its analogs. Due to its near-identical physicochemical properties to unlabeled carnitine, it co-elutes during chromatography and corrects for matrix effects and ion suppression in mass spectrometry. The compound is stable in solution and compatible with standard LC-MS/MS methods. It is soluble in DMF (15 mg/mL), DMSO (20 mg/mL), ethanol (25 mg/mL), and PBS (10 mg/mL).
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Deuterated internal standards like (+/-)-Carnitine-d9 chloride are considered safe for use in analytical research applications at typical working concentrations (ng/mL to ug/mL). Since the compound is not administered for therapeutic purposes and is used as an analytical reference, comprehensive toxicity studies are not routinely performed. The unlabeled parent compound DL-carnitine has a well-established safety profile. No significant acute toxicity is expected when the compound is handled according to standard laboratory safety practices.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
(+/-)-Carnitine-d9 chloride is a research-use-only compound intended for analytical applications rather than therapeutic use. Its stable isotope labeling (9 deuterium atoms) provides a mass shift of +9 Da relative to unlabeled carnitine, allowing accurate internal standardization. The compound is particularly useful for studying the gut microbial pathway that converts dietary carnitine to trimethylamine (TMA) and subsequently to pro-atherogenic TMAO, providing insights into links between diet, gut flora, and cardiovascular disease risk.
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| Molecular Formula |
C7H7D9CLNO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
206.72
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| Exact Mass |
206.138
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| CAS # |
1219386-75-0
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| Related CAS # |
(±)-Carnitine chloride;461-05-2
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| PubChem CID |
45038579
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
197-199°C
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
139
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])([2H])[N+](CC(CC(=O)O)O)(C([2H])([2H])[2H])C([2H])([2H])[2H].[Cl-]
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| InChi Key |
JXXCENBLGFBQJM-KYRNGWDOSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H15NO3.ClH/c1-8(2,3)5-6(9)4-7(10)11;/h6,9H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/i1D3,2D3,3D3;
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| Chemical Name |
(3-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-tris(trideuteriomethyl)azanium;chloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 50 mg/mL (241.87 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.09 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.09 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.09 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.8375 mL | 24.1873 mL | 48.3746 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9675 mL | 4.8375 mL | 9.6749 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4837 mL | 2.4187 mL | 4.8375 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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