| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite
Cysteinylglycine TFA is a peptide and an endogenous metabolite with no defined pharmacological receptor or target. Its biological relevance is primarily derived from its role in the gamma-glutamyl cycle, a key pathway for glutathione homeostasis and amino acid transport. As a dipeptide, it is a ligand for peptidases and transporters involved in peptide metabolism, and its primary function is as an intermediate in glutathione degradation and resynthesis. |
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| ln Vitro |
Cysteinylglycine has potential antioxidant functions in vitro as it contributes to maintaining glutathione levels, which is crucial for cellular redox balance. It can serve as a direct precursor to the amino acids cysteine and glycine. As a substrate for the enzyme dipeptidase (which breaks Cys-Gly into its constituent amino acids), its activity can be measured to assess enzyme function. It is used in studies to understand cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, cysteinylglycine is a transient, rapidly metabolized intermediate. It plays a critical role in the breakdown of glutathione and is a major transporter of cysteine, a rate-limiting substrate for new glutathione synthesis. Elevated levels of cysteinylglycine can be detected in plasma and are often associated with conditions affecting the glutathione cycle, such as certain liver diseases, oxidative stress, and kidney dysfunction, making it a potential disease biomarker.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro enzyme assays, Cysteinylglycine TFA is dissolved in a suitable buffer system, such as PBS or Tris-HCl, to prepare a stock solution. It is then used as a substrate for enzyme activity assays, particularly for the enzyme dipeptidase (e.g., DPEP1, also known as renal dipeptidase). The hydrolysis of Cysteinylglycine to its constituent amino acids, cysteine and glycine, can be monitored over time using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular experiments, Cysteinylglycine TFA can be added to cell culture media at defined concentrations (e.g., 10-500 uM). The compound's role is typically to study its metabolism or its effects on glutathione homeostasis. Cells (e.g., hepatocytes, renal tubular cells) are incubated with the dipeptide, and its uptake, conversion to cysteine and glycine, or its impact on the synthesis of glutathione is measured by LC-MS or other analytical techniques.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, Cysteinylglycine TFA is generally not administered as a treatment but is used as an analytical standard. In disease models, it is measured as an endogenous metabolite to assess disease state. To study its pharmacokinetics, it could be administered intravenously to rodents, and blood samples would be collected serially. However, due to its rapid metabolism, such studies are less common than ex vivo measurements of baseline levels in plasma or tissue samples from experimental disease models.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As an endogenous metabolite, Cysteinylglycine is rapidly turned over and has a short half-life in circulation, typically on the order of minutes. It is primarily cleared by the kidneys, where the enzyme dipeptidase on the brush border membrane rapidly hydrolyzes it into free cysteine and glycine. Its concentration is a balance between the rate of glutathione catabolism (via GGT) and its own hydrolysis by dipeptidases.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Cysteinylglycine TFA is a low-toxicity research chemical. At high concentrations, the hydrolysis of Cysteinylglycine can generate reactive cysteine, which in very high, non-physiological amounts could contribute to oxidative stress. However, as a normal intermediate in metabolism, it is not considered acutely toxic. The trifluoroacetate (TFA) counter-ion is also considered safe at the trace levels used in research and is a common additive in peptide chemistry.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Cysteinylglycine TFA is not a drug but an endogenous metabolite and research-use only biochemical. Its main application is as a standard for the quantification of this dipeptide in biological samples (e.g., plasma, urine) using LC-MS. It is also used as a tool to study the gamma-glutamyl cycle and other pathways of glutathione metabolism, as well as a biomarker for diseases like hepatic encephalopathy or various forms of cancer.
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| Molecular Formula |
C7H11F3N2O5S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
292.23
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| Exact Mass |
292.034
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| CAS # |
1100364-95-1
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| Related CAS # |
Cysteinylglycine;19246-18-5
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| PubChem CID |
122705218
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
10
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
18
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| Complexity |
245
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
OC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CS.OC(=O)C(F)(F)F
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| InChi Key |
MXSFOYPUMNYFEW-DFWYDOINSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H10N2O3S.C2HF3O2/c6-3(2-11)5(10)7-1-4(8)9;3-2(4,5)1(6)7/h3,11H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,10)(H,8,9);(H,6,7)/t3-;/m0./s1
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| Chemical Name |
2-[[(2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoyl]amino]acetic acid;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 250 mg/mL (855.49 mM)
H2O: 125 mg/mL (427.75 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.4220 mL | 17.1098 mL | 34.2196 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6844 mL | 3.4220 mL | 6.8439 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3422 mL | 1.7110 mL | 3.4220 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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