| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 targets the same biological processes as its unlabeled counterpart. The unlabeled acetyl-L-carnitine, a vital mitochondrial metabolite, plays a key role in energy production, cell regeneration, and neuroprotection. It is involved in fatty acid metabolism, particularly in transporting long-chain fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane, and is crucial for maintaining healthy cognitive function and nerve cell health.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
As a stable isotope-labeled standard, Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 is not tested for pharmacological activity in vitro. Its unlabeled form, acetyl-L-carnitine, is known to improve cellular energy metabolism, particularly in the brain and nervous tissue, and supports the growth and regeneration of neurons. It may also help reduce chronic inflammation and oxidative stress at a cellular level. |
| ln Vivo |
Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 has no intrinsic in vivo pharmacological activity as it is an analytical standard. The unlabeled acetyl-L-carnitine is a potent antioxidant and neuroprotective agent in vivo. It has been studied for its potential to counteract age-related mitochondrial decay, improve glucose metabolism, and support the central nervous system, making it a subject of research in conditions like Alzheimer's disease and diabetic neuropathy.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 is used as a method development tool for quantitative bioanalysis. For in vitro experiments, the internal standard is typically dissolved in a suitable solvent like methanol or water to a specific concentration. It is then spiked into biological samples (e.g., plasma, tissue homogenates) at a fixed concentration before protein precipitation or extraction. The samples are then analyzed by LC-MS/MS to quantify the unlabeled analyte.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based studies, Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 is not used as a treatment but rather as an analytical reagent. It is added to cell culture media or lysates at a fixed concentration after the experimental treatment phase. Its primary role is to serve as a control for sample preparation and analysis, ensuring the accurate mass spectrometry-based quantification of endogenous acetyl-L-carnitine or its metabolites produced by the cell culture.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 is administered as a tracer, often orally or intravenously, at a defined dose. Blood or tissue samples are collected at various time points after administration. The isotopically labeled compound is extracted from these samples and analyzed by GC- or LC-MS. By tracking the deuterium label, researchers can study the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of acetyl-L-carnitine.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As an analytical standard, Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 has no specific pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of its own. However, its unlabeled counterpart, acetyl-L-carnitine, exhibits rapid oral absorption with peak plasma concentrations occurring within 1-2 hours. It has good bioavailability and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Its plasma elimination half-life is relatively short, typically around 2-4 hours, and it is primarily eliminated via renal excretion.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 is considered non-toxic for its intended use as an analytical standard at trace levels. The unlabeled acetyl-L-carnitine is a naturally occurring substance in the body and is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used as a dietary supplement. It is well-tolerated, with mild side effects such as nausea or stomach upset possible at very high doses. No significant toxicity has been observed in standard research applications.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 is not a therapeutic drug itself but a research-use only stable isotope-labeled internal standard. It is vital for the robust quantification needed in bioanalytical studies, helping to distinguish between patient groups or determine treatment effects. Its primary applications are in the fields of metabolomics, clinical diagnostics, and pharmaceutical drug development to accurately measure acetyl-L-carnitine levels in complex biological matrices.
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| Molecular Formula |
C9H15D3CLNO4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
242.72
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| Exact Mass |
242.111
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| CAS # |
362049-62-5
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| Related CAS # |
Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride;5080-50-2
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| PubChem CID |
71308983
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
15
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| Complexity |
219
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])([2H])C(=O)O[C@H](CC(=O)O)C[N+](C)(C)C.[Cl-]
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| InChi Key |
JATPLOXBFFRHDN-SPMMGKNWSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H17NO4.ClH/c1-7(11)14-8(5-9(12)13)6-10(2,3)4;/h8H,5-6H2,1-4H3;1H/t8-;/m1./s1/i1D3;
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| Chemical Name |
[(2R)-3-carboxy-2-(2,2,2-trideuterioacetyl)oxypropyl]-trimethylazanium;chloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 250 mg/mL (1029.99 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (412.00 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.1200 mL | 20.5999 mL | 41.1997 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8240 mL | 4.1200 mL | 8.2399 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4120 mL | 2.0600 mL | 4.1200 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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