| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 5g | ||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite
Arabinose is metabolized through the L-arabinose utilization pathway. It is converted to L-ribulose by the enzyme L-arabinose isomerase. L-ribulose is then converted to L-ribulose-5-phosphate by L-ribulokinase, which is further metabolized to D-xylulose-5-phosphate by L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase. The compound targets enzymes involved in pentose metabolism. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, arabinose is used as a substrate for L-arabinose isomerase to study enzyme kinetics and carbohydrate metabolism. The enzyme has been characterized in various microorganisms, including hyperthermophilic bacteria such as Thermotoga maritima and Thermotoga neapolitana. Arabinose is also used as a carbon source in microbial culture media. The compound exhibits specific crystallization behavior that can be studied in vitro.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, arabinose is metabolized through the pentose phosphate pathway. It is involved in the conversion of xylose to xylulose by xylose isomerase, playing a role in studying metabolic anomalies such as diabetes and obesity. The compound is used as a non-caloric sweetener and has been studied for its effects on glucose metabolism. Arabinose is an endogenous metabolite.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for L-arabinose isomerase involve incubating the enzyme with arabinose in Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.5-8.0 and temperatures ranging from 50-90°C for thermophilic enzymes. The conversion of L-arabinose to L-ribulose is monitored by cysteine-carbazole assay or by HPLC. Kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax) are determined by varying substrate concentrations. For xylose isomerase assays, the conversion of xylose to xylulose is monitored by the cysteine-carbazole method.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell assays, cells are cultured in medium containing arabinose as a carbon source (0.1-1% w/v). Microbial growth is monitored by OD600 measurements. For mammalian cells, arabinose is used as a non-metabolizable sugar analog to study glucose transport and metabolism. The compound's effects on cell viability and metabolic flux are assessed by standard cell culture techniques.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, arabinose is typically administered to rodents via oral gavage at doses of 100-1000 mg/kg. Blood glucose levels are monitored to assess the compound's effects on glucose metabolism. In obesity and diabetes models, arabinose is used to study its potential as a functional food ingredient. Tissue distribution and metabolic effects are evaluated by analyzing pentose pathway intermediates.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Arabinose has a molecular weight of 150.13. It is highly soluble in water. The compound is stable under standard storage conditions. As a sugar, it is absorbed in the intestine and metabolized through the pentose phosphate pathway. The compound is an endogenous metabolite with good biocompatibility. It can be used as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Arabinose is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as a food ingredient. The compound has low toxicity and is well-tolerated at moderate doses. It is for research use only and not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic use. No significant toxicity has been reported. High doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort due to osmotic effects. Standard safety precautions should be followed.
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| Additional Infomation |
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxypentanal is a pentose, polyol, and hydroxy aldehyde. DL-arabinose has been reported in Arabidopsis thaliana, Streptomyces hainanense, and other organisms with relevant data. Pectin is a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide found in the cell walls of all plants. Pectin binds cell walls together. It is used in the food industry as an emulsifier and stabilizer. Pectin has been attempted for various therapeutic uses, including as an antidiarrheal (but is now generally considered ineffective) and for treating hypercholesterolemia. See also: Citrus pectin (note moved to); Pectin (note moved to); L-arabinose (note moved to)... See more...
Arabinose (CAS# 147-81-9) is a naturally occurring sugar used primarily as a research tool in carbohydrate metabolism studies and as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations. It has not been investigated in clinical trials as a therapeutic drug. The compound is widely used in food science, microbiology, and pharmaceutical research. DL-Arabinose is the racemic mixture of D- and L-arabinose. The L-form is the naturally occurring isomer found in plants. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H10O5
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
150.13
|
| Exact Mass |
150.052
|
| CAS # |
147-81-9
|
| Related CAS # |
D-Ribose(mixture of isomers);50-69-1;Arabinose-1-13C;70849-23-9;Arabinose-d;77583-92-7;Arabinose-d-1;288846-87-7
|
| PubChem CID |
854
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
415.5±38.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
158-161ºC
|
| Flash Point |
219.2±23.3 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.2 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.544
|
| LogP |
-2.39
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
10
|
| Complexity |
104
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
C(C(C(C(C=O)O)O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H10O5/c6-1-3(8)5(10)4(9)2-7/h1,3-5,7-10H,2H2
|
| Chemical Name |
2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanal
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 20 mg/mL (133.22 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2 mg/mL (13.32 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2 mg/mL (13.32 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2 mg/mL (13.32 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.6609 mL | 33.3045 mL | 66.6089 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3322 mL | 6.6609 mL | 13.3218 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6661 mL | 3.3304 mL | 6.6609 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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