| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| 2mg |
|
||
| 5mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
AChE
Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside chloride targets multiple pathways. It is identified as a potent inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), used in comparative analysis of anti-EGF activity in cancer cells. It also exhibits strong acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. Furthermore, it acts on the cholinergic system, specifically targeting cholinesterase (ChE). Its neuroprotective effects are mediated through the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, increasing the resistance of vulnerable neurons to ischemic cell death. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
With an oxygen free radical absorption capacity of 11.65±2.37 μM Trolox equivalents (TE)/mg, an IC50 value of 6.72 μg/mL for DPPH, and an IC50 value of 11.72 μg/mL for anti-AChE activity, EPHF exhibits high antioxidant and AChE inhibitory action[1]. With IC50 values of 2.76 and 80.11 μg/mL, respectively, EPHF exhibits dose-dependent high-level cytotoxicity against the human tumor cell lines MCF-7 and SKOV-3 [1].
In cell-free systems, Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside chloride demonstrates significant antioxidant activity, as evidenced by its ability to reduce the stable DPPH radical and inhibit lipid peroxidation. It also shows strong AChE inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 11.72 μg/mL. Its oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value is 11.65±2.37 μM Trolox equivalents (TE)/mg. These assays confirm its potent free radical scavenging and enzyme inhibition capabilities in a non-cellular context. In cellular models, Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside chloride has been shown to relieve cellular injury and improve hippocampal neuron survival. It inhibits pyramidal cell layer damage and increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content in brain tissues and plasma. The compound also increases hippocampal phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) expression, indicating its role in activating survival signaling pathways. These effects contribute to its neuroprotective and cytoprotective profile. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies using senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice have demonstrated that Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside chloride supplementation can improve spatial memory. It regulates hippocampal ERK expression and reduces hypoxia-ischemia (HI)-induced brain injury and motor deficits. These effects are achieved by increasing the resistance of vulnerable neurons to ischemic cell death and decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free enzyme activity assays for Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside chloride typically involve measuring its antioxidant capacity using the DPPH radical scavenging assay and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. AChE inhibitory activity is determined using spectrophotometric methods, such as the Ellman's assay, where the compound's ability to inhibit AChE-mediated hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine is measured. IC50 values are calculated from concentration-response curves.
|
| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays are performed using neuronal cell cultures or other relevant cell lines. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside chloride, and cell viability is assessed using MTT or similar assays. Markers of oxidative stress, such as SOD activity and MDA levels, are measured in cell lysates. Apoptosis and cell death are evaluated using flow cytometry or microscopy. The activation of signaling pathways, such as ERK phosphorylation, is assessed by Western blotting.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside chloride are characteristic of anthocyanins. It is known to be absorbed and metabolized, but its oral bioavailability is generally low due to rapid metabolism and elimination. However, supplementation studies in mice have shown that it can reach the brain and exert pharmacological effects, indicating some ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, Cmax, and AUC are not extensively reported in the available literature for this specific compound.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Preclinical toxicity data for Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside chloride are limited. As a naturally occurring dietary anthocyanin, it is generally considered safe and well-tolerated. In animal studies, no significant adverse effects have been reported at the doses used for neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement. However, comprehensive toxicological evaluations, including acute and chronic toxicity studies, are not detailed in the available literature.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Anthocyanin-3-O-β-D-galactoside chloride is a member of the anthocyanin chloride family, and its cationic counterpart is anthocyanin-3-O-β-D-galactoside. It contains anthocyanin-3-O-β-D-galactoside.
Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside chloride is a research compound with no clinical or approved therapeutic status. Its primary applications are in the fields of neuroprotection, antioxidant research, and the study of age-related cognitive decline. It is available as a high-purity reference standard for research purposes. The compound's mechanism of action involves the modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and survival signaling pathways such as ERK. |
| Molecular Formula |
C21H21CLO11
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
484.84
|
| Exact Mass |
484.077
|
| CAS # |
27661-36-5
|
| PubChem CID |
176457
|
| Appearance |
Brown to black solid powder
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
33
|
| Complexity |
623
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
|
| SMILES |
C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O.[Cl-]
|
| InChi Key |
YTMNONATNXDQJF-QSLGVYCOSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H20O11.ClH/c22-7-16-17(27)18(28)19(29)21(32-16)31-15-6-10-12(25)4-9(23)5-14(10)30-20(15)8-1-2-11(24)13(26)3-8;/h1-6,16-19,21-22,27-29H,7H2,(H3-,23,24,25,26);1H/t16-,17+,18+,19-,21-;/m1./s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;chloride
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (206.25 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.16 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.16 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0625 mL | 10.3127 mL | 20.6254 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4125 mL | 2.0625 mL | 4.1251 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2063 mL | 1.0313 mL | 2.0625 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
