| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Zonisamide-d4 targets the same pathways as the parent compound zonisamide. Zonisamide blocks repetitive firing of voltage-sensitive sodium channels and reduces voltage-sensitive T-type calcium currents. It has anticonvulsant properties and is under investigation for potential therapeutic use as an antiepileptic drug. The deuterium labeling in Zonisamide-d4 does not alter the target specificity, as the isotopic substitution is on the benzisoxazole ring and does not affect receptor or channel binding.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro, Zonisamide-d4 exhibits similar activity to the non-labeled parent compound zonisamide, with the isotopic substitution primarily affecting analytical detection rather than biological activity. Zonisamide blocks repetitive firing of voltage-sensitive sodium channels and reduces voltage-sensitive T-type calcium currents. Standard in vitro assays include patch-clamp electrophysiology on neurons or cell lines expressing sodium or calcium channels, as well as anticonvulsant activity assays in neuronal cultures. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Zonisamide-d4 is used as an internal standard for the quantification of zonisamide in pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies. The deuterium labeling does not significantly alter the in vivo pharmacological profile compared to the parent compound, though deuteration can potentially affect metabolic stability. Zonisamide has anticonvulsant properties and is used clinically as an antiepileptic drug. Zonisamide-d4 is for research use only and is not intended for therapeutic use.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cell-based receptor binding assays, Zonisamide-d4 can be evaluated using membrane preparations from brain tissue or cells expressing sodium or calcium channels. Radioligand binding displacement experiments are performed using a suitable radiolabeled ligand specific to the channel of interest. Membrane homogenates are incubated with increasing concentrations of the test compound and a fixed concentration of the radioligand at appropriate conditions. Bound radioligand is separated from free by rapid filtration. Nonspecific binding is determined in the presence of excess unlabeled ligand. IC50 values are calculated from displacement curves using nonlinear regression analysis.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, neurons or cell lines expressing sodium or calcium channels are cultured in appropriate media. Patch-clamp electrophysiology is performed in voltage-clamp mode to record sodium or calcium currents. Cells are treated with various concentrations of Zonisamide-d4, and the reduction in current amplitude is measured. IC50 values are calculated from concentration-response curves. For anticonvulsant activity assays, neuronal cultures are treated with the compound and neuronal firing is measured using multi-electrode arrays or other electrophysiological techniques.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, Zonisamide-d4 is typically administered to rodents via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection. In anticonvulsant models (e.g., maximal electroshock seizure test, pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure test), seizure threshold and severity are assessed following compound administration. For pharmacokinetic studies, blood and brain tissue samples are collected at various time points post-administration for LC-MS/MS analysis using Zonisamide-d4 as an internal standard. Dosing regimens vary depending on the specific model.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Zonisamide-d4 is a deuterium-labeled analog of zonisamide with a molecular weight of 216.25 and a molecular formula of C8H4D4N2O3S. It has a deuterium atom percentage of ≥95 atom% D. The compound is used as an internal standard in LC-MS/MS methods for the quantification of zonisamide in biological samples. It is vital in the research and development of antiepileptic drugs, specifically in the study of zonisamide's pharmacokinetics and metabolism. The compound is for research use only.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Zonisamide-d4 is expected to be similar to that of the parent compound zonisamide. Zonisamide has a well-established safety profile in clinical use for epilepsy, with common adverse effects including dizziness, somnolence, and gastrointestinal disturbances. The deuterium substitution is not expected to introduce new toxicities, as deuterium is a stable, non-radioactive isotope of hydrogen that is generally considered safe for research applications. Standard safety pharmacology studies would include assessment of central nervous system effects.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Zonisamide-d4 is a deuterium-labeled analog of the antiepileptic drug zonisamide, featuring four deuterium atoms in place of hydrogen atoms on the benzisoxazole ring. It is vital in the research and development of antiepileptic drugs, specifically in the study of zonisamide's pharmacokinetics and metabolism. Zonisamide blocks repetitive firing of voltage-sensitive sodium channels and reduces voltage-sensitive T-type calcium currents. Zonisamide-d4 is used as an internal standard in LC-MS/MS methods for the quantification of zonisamide in biological samples. It is available for research purposes only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C8H4D4N2O3S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
216.25
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| Exact Mass |
216.051
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| CAS # |
1020720-04-0
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| Related CAS # |
Zonisamide;68291-97-4
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| PubChem CID |
45040707
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
2.397
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
14
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| Complexity |
298
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[2H]C1=C(C(=C2C(=C1[2H])C(=NO2)CS(=O)(=O)N)[2H])[2H]
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| InChi Key |
UBQNRHZMVUUOMG-RHQRLBAQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H8N2O3S/c9-14(11,12)5-7-6-3-1-2-4-8(6)13-10-7/h1-4H,5H2,(H2,9,11,12)/i1D,2D,3D,4D
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| Chemical Name |
(4,5,6,7-tetradeuterio-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: ~250 mg/mL (~1156.1 mM; with ultrasonication)
H2O: ~0.7 mg/mL (~3.1 mM; with ultrasonication) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (5.78 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix well; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 and mix well; finally add 450 μL of physiological saline and adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (5.78 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD saline and mix well. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (5.78 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL of corn oil and mix well. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.6243 mL | 23.1214 mL | 46.2428 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9249 mL | 4.6243 mL | 9.2486 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4624 mL | 2.3121 mL | 4.6243 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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