| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Opioid receptors (micro, delta, kappa). Naloxone methiodide is a nonselective, competitive opioid receptor antagonist that binds with moderate affinity to micro, delta, and kappa receptors. It is peripherally restricted and does not cross the BBB, making it selective for peripheral opioid receptors.
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| ln Vitro |
Specific in vitro binding affinities (IC50 or Ki values) are not reported in the literature. Naloxone methiodide has lower affinity for opioid receptors compared to naloxone. It functions as a competitive antagonist at peripheral opioid receptors, blocking the effects of endogenous and exogenous opioids in peripheral tissues, including the gut, immune cells, and sensory nerve endings.
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| ln Vivo |
In IL-10−/− mice with colitis, naloxone‐methiodide (10 mg/mL; 200 μL; ip) causes abdominal hypersensitivity[2].
Naloxone methiodide (10 mg/mL; 200 microL; i.p.) induces abdominal hypersensitivity in IL-10-/- mice with colitis, an effect mediated by blocking peripheral opioid receptors. It has been used as an inhibitor of opioid receptor to block opioid neurotransmission in fish and mice. It is also used to distinguish between central and peripheral opioid effects in vivo. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Naloxone methiodide is used in cell-free binding assays as a control for peripheral opioid receptor antagonism. However, specific protocols have not been published. In general, binding assays are performed using membrane preparations from cells expressing opioid receptors. Membranes are incubated with a radioligand such as [3H]-naloxone or [3H]-diprenorphine and increasing concentrations of naloxone methiodide. Bound radioactivity is filtered through GF/B filters, and IC50 is determined by nonlinear regression.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays are performed using cells expressing human micro, delta, or kappa opioid receptors (e.g., CHO or HEK293 cells). Cells are pre-incubated with naloxone methiodide (0.1 nM to 100 uM) for 10-15 min and then stimulated with an opioid agonist (e.g., DAMGO for micro, DPDPE for delta, U50,488 for kappa). Functional readouts include inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation (HTRF assay) or activation of a luciferase reporter through a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway. Naloxone methiodide antagonizes agonist-induced effects in a concentration-dependent manner.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Ten- to twelveweeks old IL-10 gene-deficient male (IL-10−/−) mice on C57BL/6 genetic background[2]
Doses: 10 mg/mL; 200 μL Route of Administration: intraperitoneally (ip) Experimental Results: In piroxicam-treated IL-10−/− mice induced abdominal pain. Naloxone methiodide (10 mg/mL; 200 microL; i.p.) is administered to IL-10-/- mice with colitis to induce abdominal hypersensitivity. It has been used as an inhibitor of opioid receptor in fish and mice. For peripheral selectivity confirmation, naloxone methiodide (1-10 mg/kg; i.p.) is co-administered with centrally acting opioids; the absence of effect on CNS-mediated endpoints (e.g., analgesia, respiratory depression) indicates peripheral restriction. For studies of gastrointestinal motility, naloxone methiodide is administered i.p. (1-10 mg/kg) prior to opioid agonists, and changes in intestinal transit time or colonic contractions are measured. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
CAS# 93302-47-7. Molecular weight: 469.31 (C20H24INO4). Naloxone methiodide is soluble in water (≥10 mg/mL) and DMSO. It is stable at room temperature, but powder should be stored at -20degC. The quaternary ammonium group confers permanent positive charge, preventing passive diffusion across cell membranes and BBB. Following systemic administration (e.g., i.p. or i.v.), it remains in the peripheral circulation and peripheral tissues. Clearance is primarily renal. Half-life is not reported.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No specific toxicity data are reported for naloxone methiodide. Naloxone methiodide is generally considered safe at concentrations used in research (1-10 mg/kg). At high systemic doses, potential side effects would be restricted to peripheral tissues due to its inability to cross the BBB. These could include gastrointestinal effects (e.g., diarrhea, abdominal discomfort) and immune modulation. No clinical trials have been conducted with this specific quaternary derivative. It is not FDA-approved.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Other information: Naloxone methiodide is a research-grade chemical (CAS 93302-47-7), not FDA-approved. Purity ≥98%. It is a peripherally restricted, nonselective, and competitive opioid receptor antagonist. Naloxone methiodide does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, making it a valuable tool for dissecting the peripheral versus central effects of opioids in pain, inflammation, gastrointestinal function, and immune regulation. N-Methylnaloxonium iodide is a synonym. For research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C20H24INO4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
469.31
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| Exact Mass |
469.075
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| CAS # |
93302-47-7
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| PubChem CID |
16219719
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
2.841
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
637
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
C[N+]1(CC[C@]23[C@@H]4C(=O)CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)O)O4)O)CC=C.[I-]
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| InChi Key |
ICONPJDAXITIPI-UXYWFNEESA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H23NO4.HI/c1-3-9-21(2)10-8-19-16-12-4-5-13(22)17(16)25-18(19)14(23)6-7-20(19,24)15(21)11-12;/h3-5,15,18,24H,1,6-11H2,2H3;1H/t15-,18+,19+,20-,21?;/m1./s1
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| Chemical Name |
(4R,4aS,7aR,12bS)-4a,9-dihydroxy-3-methyl-3-prop-2-enyl-2,4,5,6,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-3-ium-7-one;iodide
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| Synonyms |
Naloxone methiodide; 93302-47-7; RefChem:831700; 635-648-9; (4R,4aS,7aR,12bS)-4a,9-dihydroxy-3-methyl-3-prop-2-enyl-2,4,5,6,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-3-ium-7-one;iodide;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 250 mg/mL (532.70 mM)
H2O: 25 mg/mL (53.27 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.43 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.43 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1308 mL | 10.6539 mL | 21.3079 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4262 mL | 2.1308 mL | 4.2616 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2131 mL | 1.0654 mL | 2.1308 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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