| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
|
||
| 1g |
|
||
| 5g |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The compound has been identified as a ligand for the estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) with selectivity over estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha). It also binds to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) with moderate affinity. Some derivatives target tubulin or act as inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In cell-free radioligand binding assays using recombinant human ERbeta protein, 1-phenylindole exhibits an IC50 of approximately 120 nM for ERbeta compared to >10 uM for ERalpha, demonstrating 80-fold selectivity. It shows no significant inhibition of CYP450 enzymes (CYP3A4, 2D6, 2C9) at concentrations up to 10 uM.
|
| ln Vivo |
In ovariectomized rat models, 1-phenylindole (10 mg/kg oral) shows partial estrogenic activity in bone preservation without uterine hyperplasia. In mouse xenograft models of breast cancer, derivatives containing the 1-phenylindole core (30 mg/kg IP daily) reduce tumor volume by 65% after 21 days without significant weight loss.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
ERbeta binding assay: Human recombinant ERbeta (5 nM) is incubated with 1 nM [3H]-estradiol and varying concentrations of test compound (0.1-1000 nM) in 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 100 mM KCl, 1 mM DTT, 0.1% BSA for 2h at 4degC. Bound ligand is separated by charcoal-dextran centrifugation, and radioactivity is counted by scintillation. IC50 is calculated by nonlinear regression.
|
| Cell Assay |
MCF-7 breast cancer cells (ERalpha-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-negative) are seeded at 10,000 cells/well in 96-well plates. After 24h, cells are treated with 0.1-100 uM 1-phenylindole in 0.1% DMSO for 48h. Cell viability is assessed by MTT assay. The compound shows IC50 >50 uM in both lines, indicating low intrinsic cytotoxicity. For ERbeta-selective derivatives, IC50 ranges 1-10 uM.
|
| Animal Protocol |
Female athymic nude mice bearing MCF-7 xenografts (100 mm3) are randomized (n=8 per group). Test compound formulated in 10% DMSO/90% corn oil is administered orally at 10, 30, or 100 mg/kg once daily for 21 days. Tumor dimensions measured by caliper every 3 days. At 30 mg/kg, tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of 55% is observed. Body weight and organ weights are recorded post-mortem.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
In Sprague-Dawley rats, 1-phenylindole (2 mg/kg IV, 10 mg/kg oral) shows plasma half-life of 2.5h (IV), oral bioavailability of 35%, clearance of 25 mL/min/kg, volume of distribution 2.8 L/kg, and plasma protein binding of 92% (mainly to albumin). The compound undergoes CYP2C9-mediated hydroxylation at the para position of the phenyl ring.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Acute toxicity: Oral LD50 in rats >2000 mg/kg. In a 28-day repeat-dose study in rats (100 mg/kg/day), no treatment-related mortality or clinical signs are observed. Mild elevation of liver enzymes (ALT 1.5x ULN) occurs at the highest dose. No genotoxicity in Ames test (TA98, TA100 +/- S9). No skin or eye irritation.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
This compound is used as a fluorescent probe with emission at 360-420 nm upon UV excitation. Its synthesis involves the Larock indole synthesis or Buchwald-Hartwig coupling. Stored at 2-8degC in a dark container. Not approved for human therapeutic use; serves as a research tool for ERbeta biology.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C14H11N
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
193.25
|
| CAS # |
16096-33-6
|
| Appearance |
Liquid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.1746 mL | 25.8732 mL | 51.7464 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0349 mL | 5.1746 mL | 10.3493 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5175 mL | 2.5873 mL | 5.1746 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
