| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
PPARα PPAR-γ PPARδ
ADDP does not have a biological or drug-related target. Its molecular "targets" are chemical functional groups involved in the Mitsunobu reaction mechanism. Specifically, ADDP acts as an oxidizing agent that reacts with triphenylphosphine (PPh3) to form a key betaine intermediate. This intermediate activates the alcohol, facilitating its condensation with an acidic nucleophile such as a carboxylic acid, phenol, or amine. ADDP is superior to DEAD for substrates with low acidity (pKa > 11) that fail with traditional DEAD-TPP systems. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
A typical in vitro activity assay for ADDP is a chemical yield analysis rather than a biological test. For example, ADDP is evaluated for its ability to facilitate the Mitsunobu coupling of an alcohol (e.g., geraniol) with a carboxylic acid (e.g., benzoic acid). The reaction is carried out in THF at 0degC to room temperature. The key performance metric is the percent conversion to the ester product, measured by NMR or HPLC. ADDP's activity is considered "active" when it achieves >90% yield under conditions where DEAD gives <20% conversion.
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| ln Vivo |
ADDP has no reported in vivo activity and is not used in animal models for efficacy studies. Its application is strictly confined to chemical synthesis in a laboratory fume hood. As a reactive azo compound, it is toxic and cannot be administered to animals for therapeutic investigation. In rare cases, it may be used to synthesize a potential drug candidate, which then undergoes in vivo testing, but ADDP itself never enters the biological system.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular assays for ADDP are chemical characterization protocols. For purity analysis, HPLC with UV detection at 254 nm and 350 nm is used to detect the azo chromophore. For functional testing, a Mitsunobu reaction protocol is performed: 1.0 mmol of ADDP and 1.0 mmol of PPh3 are dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous THF under nitrogen at 0degC. 1.0 mmol of 4-nitrobenzoic acid is added, followed by 1.0 mmol of cinnamyl alcohol. The mixture is stirred at 0degC for 1 hour, then at room temperature for 6 hours. The product is purified by flash chromatography, and yield is calculated gravimetrically.
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| Cell Assay |
As a chemical reagent, ADDP is not used in standard cell culture experiments because it is toxic and chemically reactive with cellular components. Any cellular study would aim to detect ADDP residues as impurities in drug products rather than to measure biological activity. If cell viability assays are performed to test for ADDP contamination, a standard protocol involves incubating HepG2 or HEK293 cells with serial dilutions of ADDP (0.1-100 microM) for 24 hours, followed by MTT or CellTiter-Glo luminescence readout to determine cytotoxic concentration (CC₅0), which is expected in the low micromolar range.
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| Animal Protocol |
ADDP is not used in in vivo animal experiments directly. However, it may be part of the synthesis of pharmaceutical candidates that are subsequently tested in animals. For ADDP itself, acute toxicity testing would follow OECD Guideline 423. A single oral gavage of ADDP (300-2000 mg/kg) is administered to female Wistar rats, followed by observation for mortality, clinical signs (piloerection, ataxia, convulsions), and body weight changes over 14 days, with necropsy for gross pathological examination of the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
ADDP has a molecular weight of 252.32 g/mol and chemical formula C12H20N4O2. It appears as stable golden-yellow crystals, soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, and tetrahydrofuran (THF), but only slightly soluble in methanol. The compound has a melting range of 111-115degC and is stable under normal storage conditions. For long-term storage, it is recommended to keep the powder at -20degC, protected from light and moisture. When dissolved, it should be stored at -80degC for up to one year.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
ADDP is classified as an irritant. The azo functional group can be explosive under certain conditions, and contact with strong reducing agents should be avoided. Inhalation of dust may cause respiratory tract irritation. Skin contact may cause irritation. The compound is not listed as a known carcinogen by major regulatory bodies, but azo compounds should be handled with caution. Standard chemical handling precautions including the use of a fume hood, gloves, and safety goggles must be strictly followed.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Cytotoxicity is lower than that of diamide
ADDP is a specialized tool for the Mitsunobu reaction, valued for enabling reactions with low-acidity nucleophiles that fail with traditional DEAD. It is not a drug nor has it been clinically approved for any indication. The compound is used extensively in medicinal chemistry for the synthesis of complex natural products, novel heterocycles, and pharmaceutical intermediates, including synthesis of (-)-hygromycin A via Mitsunobu glycosylation. ADDP is also used in the preparation of polyfluoroalkylated tripyrazolylmethane ligands and as a key reagent in GPR120 agonist synthesis. |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H20N4O2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
252.31
|
| Exact Mass |
252.159
|
| CAS # |
10465-81-3
|
| PubChem CID |
5702657
|
| Appearance |
Solid powder
|
| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
366.4±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
132-136 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
175.4±23.2 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.622
|
| LogP |
0.99
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
18
|
| Complexity |
299
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
O=C(N=NC(N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H])=O)N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H]
|
| InChi Key |
OQJBFFCUFALWQL-BUHFOSPRSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H20N4O2/c17-11(15-7-3-1-4-8-15)13-14-12(18)16-9-5-2-6-10-16/h1-10H2/b14-13+
|
| Chemical Name |
(NE)-N-(piperidine-1-carbonylimino)piperidine-1-carboxamide
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| Synonyms |
Azodicarbonyl dipiperidine; ADDP; SR 4077
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.9634 mL | 19.8169 mL | 39.6338 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7927 mL | 3.9634 mL | 7.9268 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3963 mL | 1.9817 mL | 3.9634 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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