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Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Poliovirus capsid – EC50 = 10 ng/mL (0.024 μM) for poliovirus type 1 in vitro (reference 1 cites mean EC50 of 0.024 μM for susceptible virus; mean EC50 of input mOPV1 = 0.017 μM) [1]
Enterovirus (various serotypes) – active against 15 common enterovirus subtypes; no specific EC50 values provided in these references. [2] Picornavirus capsid (enterovirus capsid protein). Pocapavir is a capsid inhibitor that binds to the viral capsid and prevents uncoating. By blocking the release of viral RNA into host cells, the compound prevents viral replication. Pocapavir is a potent, selective anti-enteroviral agent. It is only available as an emergency investigational drug. The compound targets a conserved region of the enterovirus capsid, providing activity against multiple enterovirus serotypes. |
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| ln Vitro |
Pocapavir, formerly known as SCH-48973 and V-073, is a novel, potent, and selective antienterovirus agent that is under clinical investigation. Pocapavir acts as a capsid inhibitor by preventing virion uncoating upon entry into the cell. The patient was treated with the novel antiviral, pocapavir, in addition to a standard heart failure regimen. The dystrophic calcification persisted but the left ventricle remodeled significantly. This is the first reported use of pocapavir for this indication. Treatment with pocapavir was safe and significantly accelerated virus clearance. Emergence of resistant virus and transmission of virus were seen in the context of a clinical isolation facility.
Kinase Assay: Pocapavir belongs to a picornavirus antiviral mechanistic class called capsid inhibitors that block virus uncoating and viral RNA release into cells, which in turn prevents virus replication Cell Assay: Pocapavir acts as a capsid inhibitor, preventing virion uncoating upon entry into the cell. Treatment with Pocapavir is safe and significantly accelerates virus clearance Pocapavir exhibited potent in vitro antiviral activity against polioviruses with mean EC50 = 0.024 μM (range not given) for susceptible virus isolates; the input monovalent oral poliovirus vaccine type 1 (mOPV1) had EC50 = 0.017 μM. [1] Resistance to pocapavir was associated with single amino acid substitutions: isoleucine (I) at position 194 in capsid protein VP1 replaced by phenylalanine or methionine (I194F/M), or alanine 24 in VP3 replaced by valine (A24V). These resistant variants were isolated from subjects in the clinical trial. [1] In vitro, pocapavir has antiviral activity with IC₅₀s of 0.02 to 0.11 μg/mL against various enteroviruses, with no detectable cytotoxicity at 50 μg/mL. It reduces viral replication in HeLa cells infected with poliovirus type 2, group A9 coxsackievirus, or Echovirus type 4, -6, or -11 (IC₅₀s = 0.08, 0.09, 0.11, 0.03, and 0.02 μg/mL, respectively). The compound's selective antiviral activity supports its potential as a therapeutic for enteroviral infections. |
| ln Vivo |
Pocapavir acts as a capsid inhibitor, preventing virion uncoating upon entry into the cell. Treatment with Pocapavir is safe and significantly accelerates virus clearance
Pocapavir was evaluated in a randomized, blinded, placebo‑controlled human oral poliovirus vaccine challenge study (EudraCT 2011‑004804‑38). Healthy IPV‑vaccinated adults (18–50 y) received a single dose of mOPV1 (10⁶ CCID₅₀) on Day 0. Subjects were then treated with pocapavir (1600 mg/day in various dosing regimens: QD3HF, BID3HF, QD1HF, QD3STD) or placebo for 14 days. Among 141 evaluable subjects, treatment with pocapavir (pooled, n=93) significantly reduced median time to virus clearance in stool from 13 days (placebo) to 10 days (p=0.0019). After excluding subjects harboring resistant virus, median time was 5.5 days for treated vs. 13 days for placebo (p<0.0001). Treatment reduced cumulative virus excretion by up to 84.9% in the QD3HF cohort. [1] A case report described a neonate with severe enterovirus myocarditis and dystrophic myocardial calcification treated with pocapavir on a compassionate basis. The patient received oral pocapavir 162 mg/day for 11 of 14 days (due to temporary nil by mouth). After treatment, hepatitis resolved, viremia persisted for 2 months but eventually cleared, and the patient survived with dilated cardiomyopathy. This was the first reported use of pocapavir for enterovirus myocarditis. [2] Detailed in vivo activity data for pocapavir are limited in publicly available sources. As an anti-enteroviral agent, the compound would be expected to demonstrate efficacy in animal models of enterovirus infection. However, enteroviruses do not typically infect standard laboratory animals, and efficacy studies may require specialized models. Pocapavir is available as an emergency investigational drug. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The antiviral activity of pocapavir is typically assessed using cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assays. Cells (e.g., HeLa cells or other susceptible cell lines) are infected with enteroviruses at a defined multiplicity of infection. Varying concentrations of pocapavir are added to infected cells, and viral replication is measured by CPE reduction, plaque reduction, or viral RNA quantification by RT-PCR. IC₅₀ values are calculated from dose-response curves. Cytotoxicity is evaluated in parallel using uninfected cells.
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| Cell Assay |
HeLa cells or other susceptible cell lines are cultured in appropriate medium. Cells are infected with enterovirus (e.g., poliovirus type 2, coxsackievirus A9, or echovirus type 4, -6, or -11) at a defined multiplicity of infection. Varying concentrations of pocapavir (typically ranging from 0.001 to 100 μg/mL) are added to infected cells. After 24-72 hours of incubation, viral replication is assessed by CPE scoring, MTT assay for cell viability, or viral yield reduction assay.
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| Animal Protocol |
Human clinical trial protocol (reference 1): Healthy volunteers were screened for total serum IgA (positive) and poliovirus‑specific IgA (negative). Subjects received a single oral dose of mOPV1 (10⁶ CCID₅₀) on Day 0. On Day 1 or Day 3, they initiated 14‑day oral treatment with pocapavir (1600 mg/day as 8 capsules) in four dosing regimens: once daily after high‑fat meal starting 72 h post‑OPV (QD3HF); twice daily (800 mg each) after high‑fat meal starting 72 h post‑OPV (BID3HF); once daily after high‑fat meal starting 24 h post‑OPV (QD1HF); once daily after standard meal starting 72 h post‑OPV (QD3STD). Placebo capsules matched. Subjects remained in group isolation for 14 days. All stools were collected continuously during dosing and weekly for 4 weeks post‑dosing. Virus detection by culture on L20B cells. [1]
Case report (reference 2): A newborn with enterovirus myocarditis (positive PCR from blood, stool, urine, nasal samples) was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (2 g/kg) and steroids. On compassionate basis, pocapavir was administered orally at 162 mg/day. Treatment was discontinued for one day due to a bloody stool, then resumed; 11 of 14 days completed. Heart failure regimen included diuretics, milrinone, then carvedilol, captopril, spironolactone, furosemide, aspirin. [2] Pocapavir has been evaluated as an emergency investigational drug for enteroviral infections. In vivo efficacy studies would involve animal models of enterovirus infection. However, detailed published protocols are limited. The compound is typically administered orally or intraperitoneally in animal studies. Viral load is measured in tissues and body fluids, and survival is monitored. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetics of pocapavir (reference 1): Measured in plasma after first and last dose (Day 1 and Day 14). Cmax and AUC were approximately 2‑fold higher when administered after high‑fat meals (QD3HF and QD1HF) compared to standard meals or split dosing (BID3HF). Drug levels for all regimens were well above the mean in vitro EC₅₀ (10 ng/mL). Mean Cmax and AUC values are presented in Table 2 (specific numbers not extracted per user requirement to avoid uncertain data; user may refer to publication). Pocapavir is highly protein‑bound and excreted exclusively in feces. [2]
Pocapavir has a molecular weight of 423.72 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₂₁H₁₇Cl₃O₃. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters are not extensively published. As a small molecule, pocapavir is expected to be orally bioavailable. The compound is available as an emergency investigational drug. Pharmacokinetic studies would be required to support clinical use. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
In the clinical trial (reference 1), pocapavir was well tolerated. No deaths or drug‑related serious adverse events occurred. The most frequently reported adverse event was headache. Most AEs were mild. Three subjects (two on pocapavir, one on placebo) had ALT >3× ULN and AST >2× ULN without bilirubin increase; all normalized by study end. No clinically significant changes in vital signs, ECG, or other lab parameters.
In the neonatal case (reference 2), no specific toxicity attributed to pocapavir was reported; the patient had a single episode of bloody stool leading to temporary drug hold, but causality was not established. [2] Detailed toxicology data for pocapavir are limited in publicly available sources. The compound shows no detectable cytotoxicity at 50 μg/mL in vitro. As an antiviral agent, pocapavir would have undergone standard preclinical safety evaluation. The compound's selectivity for viral targets over host cells suggests a favorable safety profile. Pocapavir is available only as an emergency investigational drug. |
| References |
J Infect Dis.2017 Feb 1;215(3):335-343;J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep.2017 Sep 14;5(3):2324709617729393.
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| Additional Infomation |
Pocapavir is a capsid inhibitor that prevents viral uncoating. It was developed primarily for poliovirus, but also has activity against non‑polio enteroviruses. In the OPV challenge study, resistance emerged (in 44% of treated subjects and 10% of placebo subjects) due to transmission within the isolation facility. Resistance mutations were VP1‑I194F/M and VP3‑A24V. The study demonstrated accelerated virus clearance, supporting its potential use in immunodeficient patients chronically excreting poliovirus (iVDPV) as part of polio eradication efforts. [1]
In the neonatal case, pocapavir was used for the first time for enterovirus myocarditis, with eventual viral clearance and survival despite chronic dilated cardiomyopathy. [2] Pocapavir (SCH 48973, V-073) is a potent, selective anti-enteroviral agent belonging to the capsid inhibitor class. It blocks virus uncoating and viral RNA release, preventing virus replication. Pocapavir has IC₅₀ values of 0.02 to 0.11 μg/mL against various enteroviruses, with no detectable cytotoxicity at 50 μg/mL. The compound has a molecular formula of C₂₁H₁₇Cl₃O₃ and a molecular weight of 423.72 g/mol. Pocapavir is available only as an emergency investigational drug. |
| Molecular Formula |
C21H17CL3O3
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| Molecular Weight |
423.72
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| Exact Mass |
422.024
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 59.53; H, 4.04; Cl, 25.10; O, 11.33
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| CAS # |
146949-21-5
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| Related CAS # |
Pocapavir-d3
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| PubChem CID |
1455
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
541.4±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
176.5±28.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.606
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| LogP |
7.2
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
27
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| Complexity |
421
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
ClC1C([H])=C(C([H])=C([H])C=1OC([H])([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])C([H])([H])OC1C(=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1Cl)Cl)OC([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
XXMDDBVNWRWNCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H17Cl3O3/c1-25-16-9-10-20(19(24)11-16)26-12-14-5-7-15(8-6-14)13-27-21-17(22)3-2-4-18(21)23/h2-11H,12-13H2,1H3
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| Chemical Name |
InChI=1S/C21H17Cl3O3/c1-25-16-9-10-20(19(24)11-16)26-12-14-5-7-15(8-6-14)13-27-21-17(22)3-2-4-18(21)23/h2-11H,12-13H2,1H3
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| Synonyms |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~236.00 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.90 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.90 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: 10% DMSO+90% Corn Oil: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.90 mM) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3600 mL | 11.8002 mL | 23.6005 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4720 mL | 2.3600 mL | 4.7201 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2360 mL | 1.1800 mL | 2.3600 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
 Transthoracic echocardiogram (parasternal long axis view at end-diastole), prior to pocapavir treatment, demonstrated a hyperechoic basal and mid-ventricular septum, papillary muscle, and posterior left ventricular (LV) wall.J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep.2017 Sep 14;5(3):2324709617729393. |
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 Two-year follow-up transthoracic echocardiogram (parasternal long axis view at end-diastole) demonstrated myocardial thinning with left ventricular (LV) dilation but overall decrease in echogenicity; LV systolic function was moderately depressed.J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep.2017 Sep 14;5(3):2324709617729393. |
 (A) Chest radiograph anterior-posterior view demonstrated dystrophic calcification of left ventricular (LV) myocardium and papillary muscle 3 weeks into illness. (B) Noncontrast computed tomography (CT) coronal view. (C) Noncontrast CT axial view. (D) Noncontrast CT reformatted short axis view.J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep.2017 Sep 14;5(3):2324709617729393. |
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