Phenothiazine (NSC2037; ENT38)

Alias: ENT-38; Phenothiazine; NSC 2037; ENT38; ENT 38; NSC-2037; NSC2037
Cat No.:V1256 Purity: ≥98%
Phenothiazine (NSC 2037; ENT38; ENT 38; NSC-2037) is a potent dopamine-2 (D2) receptor antagonist used as antipsychotic medications for the treatment of schizophrenia and manifestations of psychotic disorders.
Phenothiazine (NSC2037; ENT38) Chemical Structure CAS No.: 92-84-2
Product category: Dopamine Receptor
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Size Price Stock Qty
1g
2g
5g
10g
25g
Other Sizes

Other Forms of Phenothiazine (NSC2037; ENT38):

  • Phenothiazine-d8 (phenothiazine d8)
Official Supplier of:
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Purity & Quality Control Documentation

Purity: ≥98%

Product Description

Phenothiazine (NSC 2037; ENT38; ENT 38; NSC-2037) is a potent dopamine-2 (D2) receptor antagonist used as antipsychotic medications for the treatment of schizophrenia and manifestations of psychotic disorders. It acts by preventing the dopamine-2 (D2) receptor, which lessens dopamine's effects on the brain.

Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
Targets
D2 receptor
ln Vitro

In vitro activity: Phenothiazines primarily replace the dialkylaminoalkyl groups at position 10 and, in addition, the small groups at position 2 that show beneficial properties like antihelmintic, neuroleptic, antiemetic, and antihistaminic properties. With minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.4 μg/mL and 1.5 μg/mL, respectively, 2-trifluoromethyl-10-(4-aminobutyl)phenothiazine inhibits S. cerevisiae strains and T. mentagrophites. With MICs ranging from 7.8 μg/mL to 30 μg/mL, 10-carbamoylalkylphenothiazines exhibit notable activity against Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. Significant actibacterial activity against S. aureus is demonstrated by tetracyclic phenothiazines modified with the naphthoquinone ring, with a MIC50 of 12.5 μg/mL. With the 2-chloro-10-chloroethylureidobutyl derivative providing GI50 of 1.4 μM and 1.6 μM against 4 leukemia cell lines and 7 colon cancer cell lines, phenothiazines with the butylene linker are more effective than those with the propylene linker. 10-Amino(hydroxy)propylphenothiazines (5 μM) induces a marked G2/M phase of cell-cycle arrest followed by cell death in human transformed WI38VA cells after 2-day incubation. [1] Prior to excretion, phenothiazine drugs undergo a prolonged metabolism in the body, which includes conjugation of sulphate and glucuronide, ring hydroxylation, ring sulphoxidation, N-demethylation, and N-oxidation. The binding affinities of phenothiazines to α2-adrenoceptors are significantly lower than those to dopamine D2 receptors and al-adrenoceptors. In [2] Phenothiazines exhibit noteworthy efficacy in vitro against strains of M. tuberculosis that are susceptible to polydrug and multidrug resistance, while also augmenting the efficacy of agents utilized for initial therapeutic interventions.[3]

ln Vivo

Animal Protocol


References

[1]. Eur J Med Chem . 2011 Aug;46(8):3179-89.

[2]. Eur J Pharmacol . 1986 Jun 24;125(3):373-81.

[3]. J Antimicrob Chemother . 2001 May;47(5):505-11.

These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C12H9NS
Molecular Weight
199.27
Exact Mass
199.05
Elemental Analysis
C, 72.33; H, 4.55; N, 7.03; S, 16.09
CAS #
92-84-2
Related CAS #
Phenothiazine-d8; 1219803-41-4
Appearance
Solid powder
SMILES
C1=CC=C2C(=C1)NC3=CC=CC=C3S2
InChi Key
WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C12H9NS/c1-3-7-11-9(5-1)13-10-6-2-4-8-12(10)14-11/h1-8,13H
Chemical Name
10H-phenothiazine
Synonyms
ENT-38; Phenothiazine; NSC 2037; ENT38; ENT 38; NSC-2037; NSC2037
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
DMSO: 40~100 mg/mL (200.7~501.8 mM)
Water: <1 mg/mL
Ethanol: <1 mg/mL
Solubility (In Vivo)
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.55 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.55 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 5.0183 mL 25.0916 mL 50.1832 mL
5 mM 1.0037 mL 5.0183 mL 10.0366 mL
10 mM 0.5018 mL 2.5092 mL 5.0183 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

  • Calculate the Mass of a compound required to prepare a solution of known volume and concentration
  • Calculate the Volume of solution required to dissolve a compound of known mass to a desired concentration
  • Calculate the Concentration of a solution resulting from a known mass of compound in a specific volume
An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?
  • Enter 350.26 in the Molecular Weight (MW) box
  • Enter 10 in the Concentration box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 5 in the Volume box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
  • Enter 10 into the Concentration (Start) box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Concentration (End) box and select the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Volume (End) box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box
g/mol

Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
  • To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter the chemical/molecular formula and click the “Calculate’ button.
Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
  • Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
  • Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.
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Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

  • Enter the mass of the reagent and the desired reconstitution concentration as well as the correct units
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box
In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

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