| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Phellopterin targets multiple signaling pathways involved in inflammation, cancer, and metabolism. It reduces TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression through regulation of the Akt and PKC pathway, inhibiting the adhesion of monocytes to endothelium. This mechanism contributes to its anti-inflammatory effects. It exerts anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, with the potential mechanism depending on SIRT1. Its anticancer activity involves effects on cancer cell proliferation and survival. Its anti-diabetic activity suggests effects on glucose metabolism and insulin signaling. As a furanocoumarin, it may also interact with cytochrome P450 enzymes, including CYP1A2 and CYP1B1.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Phellopterin reduces TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression through regulation of the Akt and PKC pathway, contributing to the inhibition of monocyte adhesion to endothelium. It exerts anti-inflammatory effects. It has anti-HSV-1 activity. Its anticancer activity has been demonstrated against various cancer cell lines, including ovarian cancer and colitis cancer. Its anti-diabetic activity includes blood glucose lowering effects. These in vitro activities confirm its potential as a multi-target therapeutic agent for inflammatory, cancerous, and metabolic diseases.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Phellopterin exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Its effects on re-epithelialization, along with SIRT1 upregulation and ICAM-1 downregulation, have been observed. Its anticancer activity has been studied in animal models of ovarian cancer and colitis cancer. Its anti-diabetic effects include blood glucose lowering. However, detailed in vivo efficacy and safety data are described in the primary literature. The compound's ability to modulate multiple pathways makes it a promising candidate for further research in inflammation, cancer, and metabolic diseases.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro biochemical assays, Phellopterin is evaluated for its effects on inflammatory and signaling pathways. VCAM-1 expression is measured in endothelial cells treated with TNF-alpha, using ELISA or Western blotting. Akt and PKC pathway activation is assessed by measuring phosphorylation levels of these proteins. SIRT1 activity can be measured using enzyme activity assays with appropriate substrates. Antiviral activity against HSV-1 is assessed using plaque reduction assays. Cytochrome P450 inhibition can be measured using enzyme activity assays with specific substrates. These cell-free and cell-based assays help characterize the compound's multiple biological activities.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Phellopterin are performed using various cell types including endothelial cells, cancer cells, and virus-infected cells. Endothelial cells are cultured in standard media and treated with TNF-alpha to induce VCAM-1 expression, with or without Phellopterin. VCAM-1 expression is measured by ELISA or flow cytometry. Monocyte adhesion assays are performed to assess functional effects. Cancer cell proliferation is assessed using MTT or SRB assays. Apoptosis is evaluated by measuring caspase activity and Annexin V/PI staining. Antiviral activity is assessed using HSV-1-infected cell cultures. These cellular assays help validate the compound's anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral activities.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with Phellopterin are conducted in models of inflammation, cancer, and diabetes. For anti-inflammatory studies, models of acute or chronic inflammation are used. For anticancer studies, tumor xenograft models are employed. For anti-diabetic studies, models of diabetes or metabolic syndrome are used. Phellopterin is administered via oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection, or intravenous injection at doses determined from pharmacokinetic studies. Efficacy endpoints include inflammation reduction, tumor growth inhibition, and blood glucose lowering. Tissue samples are analyzed for VCAM-1, SIRT1, and ICAM-1 expression.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Phellopterin have been partially characterized. As a furanocoumarin with a molecular weight of approximately 300 g/mol, it is expected to have moderate oral bioavailability and good tissue distribution. The compound is soluble in DMSO. Detailed PK parameters such as half-life, Cmax, Tmax, AUC, and protein binding are not extensively documented. As a furanocoumarin, it may interact with cytochrome P450 enzymes, affecting its own metabolism and that of other compounds. The compound should be stored under recommended conditions to maintain stability.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
Many furanocoumarins act through mechanisms based on their ability to form photoadducts with DNA and other cellular components, such as RNA, proteins, and membrane proteins, including phospholipases A2 and C, calcium-dependent and cAMP-dependent protein kinases, and epidermal growth factor. Furanocoumarins can intercalate between DNA base pairs and form cycloadducts upon UVA irradiation. Furthermore, furanocoumarins are also inhibitors of insect cytochrome P450. They strongly inhibit the in vitro binding of [3H]diazepam to benzodiazepine receptors in the central nervous system. (L579) The toxicological profile of Phellopterin is not extensively characterized. As a natural furanocoumarin, it may have dose-dependent toxicity at high concentrations. Furanocoumarins are known to have phototoxic potential, and appropriate precautions should be taken when handling the compound. The compound is intended for research use only and not for human therapeutic applications. Comprehensive toxicity studies including acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity assessments are limited. Researchers should follow standard laboratory safety practices when handling Phellopterin, including protection from light exposure. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Psoralen belongs to the psoralen class of compounds. It has been reported to be found in Melicope triphylla, Komarovia anisosperma, and other organisms with relevant data. It is a naturally occurring furanocoumarin found in the roots of Angelica dahurica and Seseli elatum (L579). Furanocoumarins are phototoxic and photocarcinogenic. They can intercalate into DNA and photochemically induce mutations. Furanocoumarins are phytoalexins, present in varying amounts in many vegetables and fruits, particularly citrus fruits. The levels of furanocoumarins in our daily diet are usually far below the levels that cause significant acute phototoxicity, but they do cause pharmacologically significant drug interactions. Some furanocoumarins exhibit particularly strong activity against cytochrome P450 enzymes. For example, in humans, bergamotin and dihydroxybergamotin are the culprits of the "grapefruit juice effect," and these furanocoumarins can affect the metabolism of certain drugs.
Phellopterin is a valuable research tool for studying anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-diabetic mechanisms. Its ability to reduce TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression through Akt and PKC pathway regulation makes it useful for investigating endothelial function and monocyte adhesion in inflammatory diseases. Its SIRT1-dependent anti-inflammatory effects provide opportunities for studying SIRT1 biology and developing SIRT1-targeted therapies. The compound's antiviral activity against HSV-1 makes it relevant for virology research. Its furanocoumarin structure makes it an interesting model for studying structure-activity relationships in this class of compounds. |
| Molecular Formula |
C17H16O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
300.3059
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| Exact Mass |
300.099
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| CAS # |
2543-94-4
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| PubChem CID |
98608
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
480.4±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
102-103ºC
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| Flash Point |
244.4±28.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.592
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| LogP |
4.19
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
22
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| Complexity |
479
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O1C([H])=C([H])C2=C(C3C([H])=C([H])C(=O)OC=3C(=C12)OC([H])([H])/C(/[H])=C(\C([H])([H])[H])/C([H])([H])[H])OC([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
BMLZFLQMBMYVHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C17H16O5/c1-10(2)6-8-21-17-15-12(7-9-20-15)14(19-3)11-4-5-13(18)22-16(11)17/h4-7,9H,8H2,1-3H3
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| Chemical Name |
4-methoxy-9-(3-methylbut-2-enoxy)furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~332.99 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.32 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.3299 mL | 16.6495 mL | 33.2989 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6660 mL | 3.3299 mL | 6.6598 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3330 mL | 1.6649 mL | 3.3299 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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