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    PHA-767491
    PHA-767491

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    This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
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    InvivoChem Cat #: V0062
    CAS #: 845714-00-3Purity ≥98%

    Description: PHA-767491 (formerly also called CAY10572) is a novel and potent ATP-competitive dual inhibitor of Cdc7/CDK9 with IC50 of 10 nM and 34 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. It has potential anticancer activity and displays ~20-fold selectivity against CDK1/2 and GSK3-β, 50-fold selectivity against MK2 and CDK5, 100-fold selectivity against PLK1 and CHK2. PHA-767491 inhibits cell proliferation in a variety of human cell lines with IC50 of 0.86 μM for SF-268 to 5.87 μM for K562, and significantly induces apoptosis in a p53-independent manner in almost all cell lines in contrast with 5-FU or gemcitabine which only works in a few of cell lines. CDC7 is an essential kinase that promotes DNA replication by activating origins of replication. PHA-767491 blocks DNA synthesis and affects the phosphorylation of the replicative DNA helicase at CDC7-dependent phosphorylation sites. Unlike current DNA synthesis inhibitors, PHA-767491 prevents the activation of replication origins but does not impede replication fork progression, and it does not trigger a sustained DNA damage response. Treatment with PHA-767491 results in apoptotic cell death in multiple cancer cell types and tumor growth inhibition in preclinical cancer models. To our knowledge, PHA-767491 is the first molecule that directly affects the mechanisms controlling initiation as opposed to elongation in DNA replication, and its activities suggest that Cdc7 kinase inhibition could be a new strategy for the development of anticancer therapeutics.

    References: Nat Chem Biol. 2008 Jun;4(6):357-65; Blood. 2010 Apr 22;115(16):3304-13. 

    Related CAS#: 845714-00-3 (free base) 942425-68-5 (HCl)  845538-12-7 (2HCl) 

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    Molecular Weight (MW)249.7 
    FormulaC12H11N3O
    CAS No.845714-00-3
    Storage-20℃ for 3 years in powder form
    -80℃ for 2 years in solvent
    Solubility (In vitro)DMSO: 24 mg/mL (96.1 mM) 
    Water: <1 mg/mL
    Ethanol: <1 mg/mL
    Solubility (In vivo)1% DMSO+30% polyethylene glycol+1% Tween 80: 30 mg/mL
    SynonymsCAY10572;CAY-10572; CAY 10572; PHA767491; PHA-767491; PHA 767491   


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    In Vitro

    In vitro activity: PHA-767491 displays approximately 20-fold selectivity for Cdk1, Cdk2 and GSK3-β, 50-fold selectivity for MK2 and Cdk5 and 100-fold selectivity for PLK1 and CHK2. PHA-767491 inhibits cell proliferation in a variety of human cell lines with IC50 of 0.86 μM for SF-268 to 5.87 μM for K562, and significantly induces apoptosis in a p53-independent manner in almost all cell lines in contrast with 5-FU or gemcitabine which only works in a few of cell lines. Unlike current DNA synthesis inhibitors, PHA-767491 treatment at 5 μM blocks the initiation of DNA replication but not replication fork progression, due to specific inhibition of Cdc7 kinase and Mcm2 phosphorylation at the Cdc7-dependent Ser40 site. The up-regulated Mcl-1 levels in ABT-737-resistant OCI-LY1 and SU-DHL-4 cells can be significantly decreased by PHA-767491 treatment at 3 μM possibly due to the inhibition of Cdk9, leading to the restoration of the sensitivity to ABT-737. The direct mitochondrial dependent pro-apoptosis effect of PHA-767491 is also observed when applied at 1 μM in quiescent chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells through the similar mechanism with EC50 of 0.34-0.97 μM. While in proliferating CLL cells stimulated by CD154 and interleukin-4, PHA-767491 treatment at 5 μM abolishes DNA synthesis by inhibiting Cdc7 rather than triggering cell death.


    Kinase Assay: The inhibition of Cdc7 and Cdk9 by PHA-767491 (IC50) is determined using the strong anion exchanger (Dowex 1-X8 resin, formate form)-based assay. For each enzyme, the absolute Km values for ATP and the specific substrate are initially determined, and each assay is then run at optimized ATP/33P-γ-ATP mix (2Km) and substrate (5Km) concentrations. Cdc7 kinase assay is performed in a buffer containing 50 mM Hepes pH 7.9, 15 mM MgCl2, 2 mM β- glycerylphosphate, 0.2 mg/mL BSA, 1 mM DTT, 3 μM Na3VO4, 2Km ATP/33P-γ-ATP mix, 5Km Mcm2 (aa 10-294), 37 nM of recombinant Cdc7/Dbf4 and increasing concentration of PHA-767491 in a final volume of 30 μL, and incubated for 1 hour at 25 °C. Cdk9 kinase assay is performed using 50 nM of recombinant Cdk9/cyclin T in 50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT, 3 μM Na3VO4, 2Km ATP/33P-γ-ATP mix, 5Km RNA polymerase CDT peptide and increasing concentration of PHA-767491 in a final volume of 30 μL, and incubated for 1 hour at 25 °C. After incubation, an amount of 150 μL of resin/formate (pH 3.0) is added to stop the reaction and capture unreacted 33P-γ-ATP, separating it from the phosphorylated substrate in solution. After 1 hour of rest, a volume of 50 μL supernatant is transferred to Optiplate 96-well plates. After the additon of 150 μL of Microscint 40, the radioactivity is counted in the TopCount. 


    Cell Assay: Cells (HeLa, MCF7, HCT-116, U2OS, A2780, K562, SF-539, SF-268, Ovcar8, SW480, COLO205, HCT-15, Jurkat, PC3, and NHDF) are exposed to PHA-767491 for 24 or 72 hours. Cells are lysed and the ATP content in the well, used as a measure of viable cells, is determined using a thermostable firefly luciferase–based assay. Activation of caspase-3 and caspase-7 is measured as a ratio between treated sample and untreated control with a luciferase-based assay, containing a specific proluminescent substrate. DNA replication is measured as incorporation of nucleotide analog BrdU into DNA by flow cytometry. 

    In VivoAdministration of PHA-767491 twice a day for 5 days significantly inhibits the growth of HL60 xenograft in a dose-dependent manner with TGI of 50% and 92% at dose of 20 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively, the effect of which is also marked in A2780, Mx-1, and HCT-116 xenograft models as well as the DMBA-induced mammary carcinomas, and correlates with Cdc7 inhibition and subsequently decreased phosphorylation of Mcm2 at the Cdc7-dependent site Ser40. 
    Animal modelFemale SCID mice subcutaneously implanted with HL60 cells, male Hsd, athymic nu-nu mice subcutaneously implanted with HCT116 cells, A2780 or Mx-1 cells, and female Sprague-Dawley rats with DMBA-induced mammary carcinomas.
    Formulation & DosageDissolved in DMSO, and diluted in saline; 50 mg/kg;  Intravenous or oral administration twice a day 
    ReferencesNat Chem Biol. 2008 Jun;4(6):357-65; Blood. 2010 Apr 22;115(16):3304-13.  


    These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.

    PHA-767491

    CDC7 inhibition suppresses glioblastoma cell invasion 2016 Nov 18;16:88.

    PHA-767491

    CDC7 inhibition induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells 2016 Nov 18;16:88.
     


    PHA-767491

    CDC7 inhibition decreases glioblastoma cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent


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