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| Targets |
Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Penicillin G Potassium is a broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). PBPs are enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of peptidoglycan, a critical component of the bacterial cell wall. By binding to PBPs, Penicillin G Potassium inhibits transpeptidase activity, disrupting cell wall biosynthesis and leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. The compound is a broad-spectrum antibiotic.
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| ln Vitro |
Penicillin G Potassium demonstrates broad-spectrum antibacterial activity in vitro against a wide range of gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria. Its activity is assessed by standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods (broth microdilution or agar diffusion). The compound's minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against susceptible strains are well-characterized. Penicillin G Potassium is a broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic.
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| ln Vivo |
Penicillin G Potassium is used clinically for the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, including pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. The compound is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its in vivo efficacy has been established through clinical use. Penicillin G Potassium is a broad-spectrum antibiotic.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Antibacterial susceptibility testing is performed using broth microdilution or agar dilution methods according to CLSI guidelines. Bacterial strains (e.g., S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, E. coli) are cultured in appropriate media. Penicillin G Potassium is serially diluted and tested against the bacteria. MIC values are determined as the lowest concentration causing complete inhibition of visible growth. Quality control strains are included to ensure assay validity.
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| Cell Assay |
Antibacterial activity is evaluated in bacterial cell cultures using standard microbiological methods. Broth microdilution assays are performed in 96-well plates with appropriate media. Bacteria are cultured to logarithmic phase and diluted to a standard inoculum. Penicillin G Potassium is serially diluted and added to wells. Plates are incubated at 35°C for 16-20 hours. MIC values are determined visually or using a microplate reader. Each experiment includes quality control strains and antibiotic standards.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy is evaluated in animal models of bacterial infection. Penicillin G Potassium is administered intravenously or intramuscularly at doses determined by preclinical studies. Bacterial burden is quantified in infected tissues by CFU plating. Clinical symptoms are monitored. Sample sizes typically range from 6-10 animals per group. Clinical studies have been conducted for pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Molecular Weight: 372.48. Formula: C16H17KN2O4S. CAS No.: 113-98-4. Synonyms: Benzylpenicillin potassium, Crytapen, Novocillin vet. Appearance: White crystalline powder. Solubility: Water. Storage: 2-8°C, under inert atmosphere. Purity: ≥98%. Penicillin G Potassium is a broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Penicillin G Potassium is generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses. Common adverse effects may include allergic reactions (rash, anaphylaxis), gastrointestinal disturbances, and injection site reactions. As a penicillin, it is contraindicated in patients with penicillin hypersensitivity. Standard toxicology studies have demonstrated an acceptable safety profile for its approved uses. Penicillin G Potassium is approved for clinical use in many countries.
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| References |
: Yang CJ, Tang HJ, Chang SY, Hsieh SM, Lee KY, Lee YT, Sheng WH, Yang SP, Hung
CC, Chang SC. Comparison of serological responses to single-dose azithromycin (2
g) versus benzathine penicillin G in the treatment of early syphilis in
HIV-infected patients in an area of low prevalence of macrolide-resistant
Treponema pallidum infection. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016 Mar;71(3):775-82.
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| Additional Infomation |
Benzylpenicillin potassium is the organopotassium salt of benzylpenicillin. It contains a benzylpenicillin (1-) group. Penicillin G (potassium or sodium) is a prescription antimicrobial drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of certain serious bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, meningitis, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Pneumonia and syphilis may be opportunistic infections (OIs) associated with HIV. Penicillin G potassium is the potassium salt form of penicillin G, a broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic. Penicillin G potassium binds to penicillin-binding protein (PBP), an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of peptidoglycan, an important component of bacterial cell walls. This leads to the interruption of cell wall synthesis, thereby inhibiting bacterial cell growth and causing cell lysis. Penicillin is a penicillin derivative, commonly used in sodium or potassium form to treat a variety of infections. It is effective against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative cocci. Due to its effect on γ-aminobutyric acid-mediated synaptic transmission, it has also been used as an experimental convulsant. See also: Penicillin G (containing the active portion).
Penicillin G Potassium is also known as Benzylpenicillin potassium, Crytapen, and Novocillin vet. Its IUPAC name is potassium (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate. Penicillin G Potassium is a broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. It is used to treat pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. Regulatory approvals exist in many countries. |
| Molecular Formula |
C16H17KN2O4S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
372.4805
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| Exact Mass |
372.054
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| Elemental Analysis |
333.09
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| CAS # |
113-98-4
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| Related CAS # |
Penicillin G sodium salt;69-57-8;Penicillin G procaine hydrate;6130-64-9;Penicillin G benzathine;1538-09-6;Penicillin G benzathine tetrahydrate;41372-02-5;Penicillin G-d5 potassium;Penicillin G;61-33-6
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| PubChem CID |
23664709
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
214-217 ℃
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| Index of Refraction |
294 ° (C=1， H2O)
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
24
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| Complexity |
536
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
[K+].S1C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)[O-])N2C([C@]([H])([C@@]12[H])N([H])C(C([H])([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1[H])=O)=O
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| InChi Key |
IYNDLOXRXUOGIU-LQDWTQKMSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H18N2O4S.K/c1-16(2)12(15(21)22)18-13(20)11(14(18)23-16)17-10(19)8-9-6-4-3-5-7-9;/h3-7,11-12,14H,8H2,1-2H3,(H,17,19)(H,21,22);/q;+1/p-1/t11-,12+,14-;/m1./s1
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| Chemical Name |
potassium (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenylacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate
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| Synonyms |
Penicillin G Potassium Salt; Benzylpenicillin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2941.10.2000
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product is not stable in solution, please use freshly prepared working solution for optimal results. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~268.47 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (268.47 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6847 mL | 13.4235 mL | 26.8471 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5369 mL | 2.6847 mL | 5.3694 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2685 mL | 1.3424 mL | 2.6847 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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