| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
|
||
| 10mg |
|
||
| 25mg |
|
||
| 50mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Palmatrubine, like other protoberberine alkaloids, can interact with nucleic acids and enzymes, influencing cellular metabolism. Its tetracyclic protoberberine backbone with methoxy substitutions contributes to its biological activity. The compound's ability to intercalate with DNA and inhibit topoisomerases is characteristic of this class of alkaloids. Its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities suggest interactions with microbial targets and inflammatory signaling pathways. The compound's cytotoxic properties indicate effects on cell viability and proliferation in cancer cells. Palmatrubine is mainly studied in phytochemistry, natural product pharmacology, and as a potential lead compound for drug discovery.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Palmatrubine has demonstrated high antitumor activity. As a protoberberine alkaloid, it is expected to exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties similar to other members of this class. Its ability to interact with nucleic acids and enzymes suggests effects on DNA replication, transcription, and cellular metabolism. The compound's cytotoxicity has been demonstrated in various cancer cell lines. However, detailed in vitro activity data for Palmatrubine specifically are limited in the available literature. Researchers often refer to studies on related protoberberine alkaloids for comparative purposes.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of Palmatrubine are not extensively documented. As a protoberberine alkaloid with high antitumor activity, it may have potential for anticancer research in animal models. Its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties suggest possible applications in infection and inflammation models. However, comprehensive in vivo efficacy and safety data are limited. The compound is primarily used in phytochemical and pharmacological research. Further studies are needed to fully characterize its in vivo biological activity and therapeutic potential. The compound is intended for research use only and not for human therapeutic applications.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro biochemical assays, Palmatrubine can be evaluated for its interactions with nucleic acids and enzymes. DNA binding assays can be performed using spectroscopic methods such as UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence, or circular dichroism to measure intercalation or groove binding. Topoisomerase inhibition assays can be conducted using purified enzymes and supercoiled DNA substrates, measuring relaxation or supercoiling activity. Enzyme inhibition studies can be performed using various enzymes relevant to its biological activity. IC50 values are determined from dose-response curves. These cell-free assays help characterize the compound's molecular interactions and mechanism of action.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Palmatrubine are performed using various cancer cell lines. Cells are cultured in standard media and treated with the compound at various concentrations. Cell viability is assessed using MTT, CCK-8, or SRB assays. Apoptosis is evaluated by measuring caspase activity, Annexin V/PI staining, and DNA fragmentation. Antimicrobial activity is tested against bacterial and fungal cultures by measuring growth inhibition. Anti-inflammatory activity is assessed by measuring cytokine production in immune cells. DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression can be studied using BrdU incorporation and flow cytometry. These cellular assays help validate the compound's anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with Palmatrubine are not extensively documented. As a compound with high antitumor activity, it could be studied in tumor xenograft models. Administration routes would include oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection, or intravenous injection. Efficacy endpoints would include tumor growth inhibition, survival, and metastasis reduction. For antimicrobial studies, infection models could be employed. For anti-inflammatory studies, models of inflammation could be used. Researchers should consult the primary literature for any available in vivo protocols and data. The compound's safety and tolerability would be monitored through body weight, clinical signs, and histopathology.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Palmatrubine are not extensively documented. As a protoberberine alkaloid with a molecular weight of 338.38 and a positively charged quaternary ammonium structure, it is expected to have limited oral bioavailability. The compound is soluble in organic solvents. Detailed PK parameters such as half-life, Cmax, Tmax, AUC, and protein binding are not available in the literature. Researchers often refer to studies on related protoberberine alkaloids such as berberine for pharmacokinetic comparisons. The compound should be stored under recommended conditions to maintain stability.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of Palmatrubine is not extensively characterized. As a protoberberine alkaloid, it may have dose-dependent toxicity at high concentrations, similar to other members of this class. The compound is intended for research use only and not for human therapeutic applications. Comprehensive toxicity studies including acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity assessments are limited. Researchers should follow standard laboratory safety practices when handling Palmatrubine. Its effects at high concentrations and potential interactions with other drugs or compounds have not been fully investigated.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Palmatrubine has been reported to have been found in Fibraurea chloroleuca, Fibraurea tinctoria, and Stephania rotunda, and relevant data are available for reference.
Palmatrubine is a valuable research tool for studying protoberberine alkaloid pharmacology, particularly in the context of anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Its structural similarity to berberine and other protoberberines makes it useful for structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. The compound is used to investigate the mechanisms of DNA interaction, topoisomerase inhibition, and cellular metabolism modulation. Its presence in various medicinal plants makes it relevant for natural product chemistry and ethnopharmacology research. Palmatrubine can be employed as a lead compound for drug discovery and as an analytical standard for the quality control of herbal medicines. |
| Molecular Formula |
C20H20NO4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
338.3771
|
| Exact Mass |
338.139
|
| CAS # |
16176-68-4
|
| Related CAS # |
Palmaturbine hydroxide
|
| PubChem CID |
10547386
|
| Appearance |
Brown to black Solid
|
| LogP |
3.081
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
25
|
| Complexity |
461
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
O(C([H])([H])[H])C1=C(C([H])=C2C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[N+]1C([H])=C3C(=C(C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C=12)OC([H])([H])[H])O[H])OC([H])([H])[H]
|
| InChi Key |
QBUIDYLGKMWNEA-UHFFFAOYSA-O
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H19NO4/c1-23-17-5-4-12-8-16-14-10-19(25-3)18(24-2)9-13(14)6-7-21(16)11-15(12)20(17)22/h4-5,8-11H,6-7H2,1-3H3/p+1
|
| Chemical Name |
2,3,10-trimethoxy-5,6-dihydroisoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinolin-7-ium-9-ol
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~295.53 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.39 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.39 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9553 mL | 14.7763 mL | 29.5526 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5911 mL | 2.9553 mL | 5.9105 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2955 mL | 1.4776 mL | 2.9553 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
