| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
AP isoenzymes
Tyrosine phosphatase [1] (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate targets tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). As a potent and reversible inhibitor, it binds to the active site of the enzyme, preventing it from hydrolyzing phosphate esters. This inhibition is used to study the role of TNAP in various biological processes, including bone mineralization, where TNAP is essential for the formation of hydroxyapatite. It is also used to study the role of alkaline phosphatases in inflammation and immune responses. |
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| ln Vitro |
(-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate is an inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase and protein tyrosine phosphatases. In various rat tissues, (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate (0.1 μM) completely inhibited non-specific alkaline phosphatase. In rat zona glomerulosa, (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate (100 μM) blocked the inhibition of Na+ pump (Na+, K+-ATPase) induced by angiotensin II. The result suggested that inhibition of the Na+ pump induced by angiotensin II might be mediated by a tyrosine phosphatase. In neurosecretory PC12 cells, (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate (0.3 mM) increased ionomycin-stimulated noradrenaline (NA) release, which suggested that tyrosine phosphorylation regulated Ca2+-stimulated NA release.
In rat zona glomerulosa cells, (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate (CAS#: 62284-79-1) at 100 μM effectively blocked angiotensin II (100 nM)-induced inhibition of Na+ pump activity (ouabain-sensitive Rb+ uptake). As shown in Figure 1B, while angiotensin II alone significantly reduced Na+ pump activity, pre-incubation with 100 μM 4-bromotetramisole oxalate prevented this inhibition. The compound did not affect basal Na+ pump activity in the absence of angiotensin II. [1] In vitro, (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate is a potent inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase activity. It is used in enzyme assays to inhibit the dephosphorylation of substrates, allowing researchers to study the role of phosphatases in signaling pathways. Its potency and reversibility make it a valuable tool for studying the function of alkaline phosphatases in various biochemical and cell-based assays. It is selective for tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase over intestinal and placental isoforms. |
| ln Vivo |
In Sprague-Dawley rats, (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate (10 μM) significantly increased fractional excretion of phosphate (FEPi) from 4.7% to 13.4%.
In vivo, (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate is used to study the physiological functions of alkaline phosphatases. By inhibiting TNAP, it can affect bone mineralization and other processes. It has been used in animal models to study the role of TNAP in conditions like hypophosphatasia. Its effects in vivo are dose-dependent and are used to validate the role of alkaline phosphatases in various biological processes. |
| Enzyme Assay |
To determine how angiotensin II inhibits the Na(+) pump (Na(+), K(+)-ATPase) in rat zona glomerulosa, we selectively blocked signaling proteins that could be activated by the angiotensin AT(1) receptor and known to affect Na(+) pump activity. Inhibitors of protein kinase C [calphostin C (1 microM); staurosporine (1 microM)], phospholipase A(2) [arachidonyl triflouromethyl ketone (25 microM); quinacrine (75 microM)], diacylgycerol lipase [RHC-80267 (5 microM)], and tyrosine phosphorylation [tyrphostin 47 (100 microM)] had no effect on angiotensin II inhibition of the Na(+) pump. On the other hand, inhibitors of tyrosine phosphatases [phenylarsine oxide (5 microM) and 4-bromotetramisole oxalate (100 microM)] blocked angiotensin II inhibition, where as inhibitors of serine/threonine phosphatases [okadaic acid (1 microM) and microcystin (1.5 microM)] did not. Thus, angiotensin II inhibition of the Na(+) pump may in part be mediated by a tyrosine phosphatase [1].
Non-cellular enzyme assays for (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate involve measuring its inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity. These assays typically use purified enzyme and a chromogenic or fluorogenic substrate, such as p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP). The rate of substrate hydrolysis is measured in the presence of varying concentrations of the compound to determine the IC50. These experiments are essential for characterizing its potency and mechanism of inhibition. |
| Cell Assay |
Detailed procedure: Rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells were dispersed and incubated for 2 hours. Na+ pump activity was measured as ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake. Cells (100,000 per sample) were incubated in medium containing (in mM): NaCl 130, KCl 4.0, CaCl2 1.8, MgCl2 0.8, HEPES 10 (pH 7.4), and 0.2% bovine serum albumin. (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate (CAS#: 62284-79-1) was dissolved in DMSO and added to the assay 15-30 min before addition of 86Rb+, at a final concentration of 100 μM. The final DMSO concentration in the assay was 0.04% to 0.2%. Ouabain (1 mM) was added at time zero to determine ouabain-sensitive uptake. Monensin (10 μM) was added at 20 min to increase intracellular Na+. Angiotensin II (100 nM) was added at 25 min. The flux was initiated by adding 86Rb+ at 30 min and terminated at 35 min by rapid filtration and washing with ice-cold medium. Radioactivity was counted after cell lysis in 1% SDS. Each experiment was run in quadruplicate. [1]
In vitro cell-based assays for (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate are used to study the role of alkaline phosphatases in cell function. Cells, such as osteoblasts or immune cells, are treated with the compound, and the effects on mineralization, cell signaling, or cytokine production are assessed. These studies help to elucidate the cellular functions of TNAP and its role in health and disease. |
| Animal Protocol |
10 μM Rats
In vivo animal studies for (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate are used to study the physiological roles of TNAP. The compound can be administered to animal models to inhibit TNAP activity and observe the consequences on processes like bone formation. These studies are crucial for understanding the role of TNAP in vivo and for validating it as a potential therapeutic target. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
(-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate is a small molecule with a molecular weight of 371.22 g/mol. As a research compound, its pharmacokinetic properties are not extensively detailed. It is expected to be absorbed and distributed to tissues when administered. It is a cell-permeable compound, allowing it to reach intracellular targets. Its stability and solubility are important factors for its use in experiments.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Comprehensive toxicological data for (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate are limited, as it is primarily a research compound. As with all research chemicals, it should be handled with appropriate safety precautions. It is not an approved drug and is available only as a research compound for laboratory use.
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| References |
Eur J Pharmacol.2000Oct 6;406(1):49-52; Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 1996, 213(2): 193-195.
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| Additional Infomation |
See also: ... View More ...
(-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate (CAS#: 62284-79-1) is also known as 4-bromotetramisole oxalate. It is an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases and also inhibits alkaline phosphatase activity. The study suggests that angiotensin II inhibition of the Na+ pump may be mediated by a tyrosine phosphatase, as both phenylarsine oxide and 4-bromotetramisole oxalate (tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors) blocked the effect, whereas serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitors (okadaic acid, microcystin) did not. [1] (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate is a potent, reversible inhibitor of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). It is used as a research tool to study the role of alkaline phosphatases in bone mineralization, inflammation, and other biological processes. It is a valuable compound for studying the physiological functions of TNAP. It is not an approved drug and is available only as a research compound. |
| Molecular Formula |
C13H13BRN2O4S
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| Molecular Weight |
373.22
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| Exact Mass |
371.978
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 41.84; H, 3.51; Br, 21.41; N, 7.51; O, 17.15; S, 8.59
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| CAS # |
62284-79-1
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| Related CAS # |
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| PubChem CID |
2724023
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid
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| Boiling Point |
388.6ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
192ºC (dec.)
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| Flash Point |
188.8ºC
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| LogP |
1.437
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
21
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| Complexity |
345
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
BrC1=CC=C([C@@H]2N=C3SCCN3C2)C=C1.O=C(O)C(O)=O
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| InChi Key |
ZULBIBHDIQCNIS-HNCPQSOCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H11BrN2S.C2H2O4/c12-9-3-1-8(2-4-9)10-7-14-5-6-15-11(14)13-10;3-1(4)2(5)6/h1-4,10H,5-7H2;(H,3,4)(H,5,6)/t10-;/m1./s1
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| Chemical Name |
(S)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole oxalate
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| Synonyms |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.70 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6794 mL | 13.3969 mL | 26.7938 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5359 mL | 2.6794 mL | 5.3588 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2679 mL | 1.3397 mL | 2.6794 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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