| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
- Okanin targets the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, which mediates LPS-induced microglial activation. The EC50 for inhibiting LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV-2 microglial cells was approximately 20 μM; the EC50 for reducing TNF-α secretion was approximately 15 μM. [1]
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| ln Vitro |
In BV-2 cells, okanin dramatically reduces the expression of TLR4 triggered by LPS. The cytoplasmic to nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit is inhibited by okanin. In LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells, okanin strongly suppresses both the synthesis and mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α as well as LPS-induced iNOS expression [1].
- Inhibition of LPS-Induced Microglial Activation (BV-2 Cells): 1. NO Production Reduction: BV-2 cells were treated with Okanin (10, 20, 40 μM) for 1 hour, then stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 hours. Okanin dose-dependently reduced NO production (measured via Griess reagent): 10 μM reduced NO by ~30%, 20 μM by ~55%, and 40 μM by ~70% compared to LPS-only group. [1] 2. Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Downregulation: ELISA and qPCR showed that Okanin (10, 20, 40 μM) decreased LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels: 40 μM Okanin reduced TNF-α protein by ~65%, IL-1β mRNA by ~60%, and IL-6 mRNA by ~55%. [1] 3. TLR4/NF-κB Pathway Suppression: Western blot analysis revealed that Okanin (20, 40 μM) inhibited LPS-induced TLR4 protein expression (40 μM reduced by ~50%), decreased NF-κB p65 phosphorylation (40 μM reduced by ~60%), and prevented IκBα degradation (40 μM increased IκBα levels by ~45%) compared to LPS-only group. [1] - Cell Viability Assay: BV-2 cells treated with Okanin (0–80 μM) for 24 hours showed no significant cytotoxicity (MTT assay, cell viability >90% at all concentrations), indicating the anti-inflammatory effects were not due to cell death. [1] |
| Enzyme Assay |
- NF-κB Luciferase Reporter Assay: HEK293 cells were co-transfected with TLR4, MD-2, CD14 expression plasmids, and an NF-κB-luciferase reporter plasmid. After 24 hours of transfection, cells were treated with Okanin (10, 20, 40 μM) for 1 hour, then stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 6 hours. Luciferase activity (reflecting NF-κB activation) was measured via a luminometer: 40 μM Okanin reduced luciferase activity by ~65% compared to LPS-only group. [1]
- TLR4 Binding Assay: Recombinant human TLR4-MD-2 complex was incubated with biotin-labeled LPS (100 nM) and Okanin (10, 20, 40 μM) at 37°C for 1 hour. Streptavidin-coated plates were used to capture the TLR4-MD-2-LPS complex, and TLR4 levels were detected via ELISA. Okanin dose-dependently competed with LPS for TLR4 binding: 40 μM reduced TLR4-LPS binding by ~50%. [1] |
| Cell Assay |
- BV-2 Microglial Cell Anti-Inflammatory Assay:
1. Cell Seeding: BV-2 cells were seeded in 96-well (for NO/cytokine detection) or 6-well plates (for western blot/qPCR) at a density of 1×10⁵ cells/well, and cultured in DMEM medium with 10% FBS at 37°C (5% CO₂) for 24 hours. [1] 2. Drug Treatment: Okanin (10, 20, 40 μM) was added to the medium for 1 hour of pre-incubation; the control group received equal volume of DMSO (vehicle). [1] 3. LPS Stimulation: LPS (1 μg/mL) was added to each well, and cells were cultured for another 24 hours (for NO/cytokine) or 6 hours (for protein/mRNA). [1] 4. Detection: Supernatants were collected to measure NO (Griess reagent) and cytokines (ELISA); cells were lysed to extract total protein (western blot for TLR4, p-p65, IκBα) or total RNA (qPCR for TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6). [1] - MTT Cell Viability Assay: BV-2 cells were seeded in 96-well plates (5×10⁴ cells/well) and cultured for 24 hours. Okanin (0–80 μM) was added, and cells were incubated for 24 hours. MTT reagent (5 mg/mL) was added, incubated for 4 hours, then DMSO was added to dissolve formazan crystals. Absorbance at 570 nm was measured, and cell viability was calculated relative to the vehicle group. [1] |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Octanine is a chalcone compound with the structure of trans-chalcone, substituted with hydroxyl groups at the 3, 4, 2', 3' and 4' positions. It is a plant metabolite belonging to the chalcone and phloroglucinol classes and is functionally related to trans-chalcone. Octanine has been reported to be found in Coreopsis lanceolata, Abies pindrow, and other organisms with relevant data. - Natural source and background: Octanine is the main bioactive component isolated from Coreopsis tinctoria flower tea (a traditional herbal tea), which is used in folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory properties. [1] - Anti-inflammatory mechanism: Octanine weakens LPS-induced microglial activation through two key steps: 1) competitive binding to the TLR4-MD-2 complex with LPS (blocking pathway initiation); 2) inhibiting NF-κB activation (reducing the production of downstream pro-inflammatory mediators). This mechanism suggests its potential application in neuroinflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, as microglial overactivation is one of the causes of the pathology of these diseases. [1]
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| Molecular Formula |
C15H12O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
288.2522
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| Exact Mass |
288.063
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| CAS # |
484-76-4
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| PubChem CID |
5281294
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| Appearance |
Yellow to brown solid powder
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| Density |
1.584g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
638ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
353.7ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
7.12E-17mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.782
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| LogP |
2.11
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
21
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| Complexity |
396
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=CC(=C(C=C1/C=C/C(=O)C2=C(C(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
GSBNFGRTUCCBTK-DAFODLJHSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H12O6/c16-10(9-3-6-12(18)15(21)14(9)20)4-1-8-2-5-11(17)13(19)7-8/h1-7,17-21H/b4-1+
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| Chemical Name |
(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~16.67 mg/mL (~57.83 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.67 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.4692 mL | 17.3461 mL | 34.6921 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6938 mL | 3.4692 mL | 6.9384 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3469 mL | 1.7346 mL | 3.4692 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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