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Purity: ≥98%
Darolutamide (formerly known as BAY-1841788; ODM-201; BAY1841788; Nubeqa) is a novel and potent androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with potential antitumor activity. It inhibits AR nuclear translocation with a Ki of 11 nM in competitive AR binding assays. ODM-201 inhibits VCaP cell proliferation with IC50 of 230 nM, while exhibits no effect on the viability of AR-negative cell lines tested, DU-145 prostate cancer cells and H1581 lung cancer cells. In AR-HEK293 cells stably expressing full-length human AR (hAR) and an androgen-responsive luciferase reporter gene construct. In human U2-OS osteosarcoma cells expressing wtAR or mutant AR(F876L), AR(W741L), or AR(T877A), ODM-201 and ORM-15341 also functioned as full antagonists. ODM-201 is a novel AR inhibitor that showed significant antitumor activity and a favorable safety profile in phase 1/2 studies in men with CRPC. ODM-201 is a full and high-affinity AR antagonist that, similar to second-generation antiandrogens enzalutamide and ARN-509, inhibits testosterone-induced nuclear translocation of AR. Importantly, ODM-201 also blocks the activity of the tested mutant ARs arising in response to antiandrogen therapies, including the F876L mutation that confers resistance to enzalutamide and ARN-509. In addition, ODM-201 reduces the growth of AR-overexpressing VCaP prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in a castration-resistant VCaP xenograft model. In contrast to other antiandrogens, ODM-201 shows negligible brain penetrance and does not increase serum testosterone levels in mice. In conclusion, ODM-201 is a potent AR inhibitor that overcomes resistance to AR-targeted therapies by antagonizing both overexpressed and mutated ARs. ODM-201 is currently in a phase 3 trial in CRPC.
Targets |
Androgen receptor (AR) (IC50: 26 nM in AR-HEK293 cells)
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ln Vitro |
In a competitive AR binding experiment, darolutamide (ODM-201) has an inhibitory constant (Ki) value of 11 nM. Compared to ARN-509, ODM-201 and ORM-15341 reduced androgen-induced cell proliferation more successfully. Their respective IC50 values were 230 and 170 nM for Darolutamide and ORM-15341, respectively, whereas ARN-509's was 420 nM. The anti-proliferative qualities of darolutamide and ORM-15341 are exclusive to AR-dependent PC cells, as demonstrated by the lack of effect darolutamide had on the viability of the AR-negative cell lines tested, DU-145 prostate cancer cells and H1581 lung cancer cells [1].
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ln Vivo |
At both doses, darolutamide (ODM-201) demonstrated considerable anti-tumor activity; 50 mg/kg twice day was more effective (p<0.001) than in mice that had not received treatment. It was also demonstrated to be effective against growth inhibition of tumors (p<0.05) in mice that had not received treatment. Furthermore, no symptoms of treatment-related toxicity were seen, and mice given twice daily doses of darolutamide did not significantly lose weight while receiving the medication [1].
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Enzyme Assay |
AR binding affinity [1]
AR binding affinities of test compounds were studied in cytosolic lysates obtained from ventral prostates of castrated rats by a competition binding assay as previously described. Fresh prostates were minced and homogenized with Buffer A containing protease inhibitors. The homogenates were centrifuged and the resultant supernatants were treated with a dextran-coated charcoal solution to remove endogenous steroids. The dissociation constant of the radio ligand [3H]mibolerone for isolated rat ARs was determined in a saturation binding experiment as previously described. For the determination of Ki values, prostate cytosol preparations and 1 nM [3H]mibolerone were incubated with increasing concentrations of test compounds overnight. After the incubation, bound and free steroids were separated by treatment with 100 μL of dextran-coated charcoal suspension. Bound radioactivity was determined by counting 100 μL of supernatant fraction in 200 μL of scintillation fluid (OptiPhase SuperMix, PerkinElmer) using a microbeta counter. All procedures were carried out at 0–4 °C. |
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Cell Assay |
Antagonism of ODM-201[1]
Functional activity and potency of antiandrogens to hAR were determined in AR-HEK293 cells. The cells were treated with test compounds and 0.45 nM testosterone in steroid-free assay medium supplemented with 2 nM GlutaMAX and 25 mM HEPES. After 24 hours at 37 °C with 5% CO2, cells were lysed and luciferase activity was measured with a Centro LB 960 microplate luminometer using a luciferase assay system according to manufacturer’s instructions. Mutant AR studies[1] Human U2-OS osteosarcoma cells were transiently transfected with an androgen-responsive reporter gene construct (pGV5-basic-GRE-hiv-luc) and expression vectors encoding AR mutants AR(F876L), AR(T877A), or AR(W741L) (pSG5-hAR-F876L, pSG5-hAR-T877A, or pSG5-hAR-W741L) using LipofectaminTM2000. The construction of the mutant AR expression vectors was done as previously described. For one well in a 96-well plate, 190 ng of reporter construct DNA and 10 ng of receptor construct DNA were diluted in Opti-MEM® (Gibco). Cells were treated with increasing concentrations of the test compounds in the absence or presence of a reference agonist inducing a submaximal reporter gene activation (0.6 nM testosterone in case of T877A and F876L, and 10 nM DHT in case of W741L) in steroid-free assay medium and incubated for 24 hours. Luciferase activity was measured as described above. AR nuclear translocation[1] AR overexpressing HS-HEK293 cells immunolabeled with an AR-antibody were imaged either with a high-content screening (HCS) reader (Cellomics ArrayScan HCS VTI reader, Thermo) or with a confocal microscope. HS-HEK293 cells in steroid-free assay medium were plated on poly-D-lysine coated microplates (BD) (HCS reader) or on coverslips (confocal imaging). After a 48-hour incubation, the cells were treated with 0.3 (HCS reader) or 1 μM (confocal imaging) of test compounds together with 0.3 nM testosterone for 5 hours. After fixation with 3.7% PFA, the cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), permealized with 0.1% Triton X-100 (Sigma), and treated with 3% BSA in PBS to block unspecific staining. For HCS reader, cells were incubated with polyclonal AR antibody conjugated with Alexa Fluor® 488 (N20, Santa Cruz, dilution 1:50). Cells were washed, DNA was labeled with DAPI (Sigma, 1 μg//mL), and images were analyzed with a NucTrans. V3 assay algorithm (Thermo). For confocal imaging, polyclonal AR antibody was used as a primary and Alexa Fluor® 546 anti-rabbit IgG as a secondary antibody. Coverslips were mounted with Vectashield containing DAPI (Vector Laboratories). AR overexpressing LN-AR-C cells were treated with 3 μM of test compounds together with 0.3 nM testosterone for 4 hours, immunolabeled with the AR-antibody nd a secondary antibody and imaged with the HCS reader. VCaP proliferation assay[1] VCaP cells were treated with a submaximal concentration of mibolerone (0.1 nM) and increasing concentrations of test compounds in steroid-free assay medium supplemented with 4 mM GlutaMAX. After a 4-day incubation with the compounds, cell viability was measured using a WST-1 cell proliferation assay (Roche), according to manufacturer’s instructions. To rule out non-AR –mediated toxicity, AR-negative PC cells (DU-145) and lung cancer cells (H1581) were treated with an increasing concentration of ODM-201, and cell viability was measured as described above. |
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Animal Protocol |
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References |
[1]. Moilanen AM, et al. Discovery of ODM-201, a new-generation androgen receptor inhibitor targeting resistance mechanisms toandrogen signaling-directed prostate cancer therapies. Sci Rep. 2015 Jul 3;5:12007. doi: 10.1038/srep12007
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Molecular Formula |
C19H19CLN6O2
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Molecular Weight |
398.85
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Exact Mass |
398.13
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 57.22; H, 4.80; Cl, 8.89; N, 21.07; O, 8.02
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CAS # |
1297538-32-9
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Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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LogP |
1.8
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tPSA |
120Ų
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SMILES |
O=C(C1=NNC(C(O)C)=C1)N[C@@H](C)CN2N=C(C3=CC=C(C#N)C(Cl)=C3)C=C2
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InChi Key |
ANGUXJDGJCHGOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C25H29N5O/c1-19-8-9-22-23(27-19)6-3-7-24(22)29-16-14-28(15-17-29)12-10-20-4-2-5-21(18-20)30-13-11-26-25(30)31/h2-9,18H,10-17H2,1H3,(H,26,31)
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Chemical Name |
N-((S)-1-(3-(3-chloro-4-cyanophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl)-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide
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Synonyms |
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HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 2.5072 mL | 12.5360 mL | 25.0721 mL | |
5 mM | 0.5014 mL | 2.5072 mL | 5.0144 mL | |
10 mM | 0.2507 mL | 1.2536 mL | 2.5072 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.