| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 2g |
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| 5g |
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| 10g |
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| 25g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite; α2-adrenergic receptor
The primary targets of Octopamine HCl include α2-adrenergic receptors, β3-AR, and α2A-AR. It acts as an activator of these receptors. It is also an endogenous dopamine D-1 receptor blocker. In invertebrates, it functions as a neurohormone, neuromodulator, and neurotransmitter. Its effects on adrenergic receptors are similar to those of noradrenaline. |
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| ln Vitro |
Octopamine is involved in a number of physiological processes: (a) it acts as a neuromodulator, controlling the desensitization of sensory inputs, arousal, initiation, and maintenance of complex behaviors like learning and memory; (b) it acts as a neurotransmitter, controlling the activity of endocrine glands; and (c) it acts as a neurohormone, causing the mobilization of fats and carbohydrates. In order to cause its effects, octopamine binds to particular proteins that are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and have seven transmembrane domains in common structurally[1].
In vitro, Octopamine HCl has a stimulatory effect on α2-ARs in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with human alpha2-adrenergic receptors (ARs). It increases glycogenolysis, glycolysis, oxygen uptake, gluconeogenesis, and portal perfusion pressure. Its activity at adrenergic receptors is typically measured using functional assays such as cAMP accumulation or calcium mobilization. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Octopamine HCl is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. It has the ability to halt catabolism of proteinaceous tissues and is used as an ephedrine alternative for weight loss in the bodybuilding industry. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for Octopamine HCl involve radioligand binding studies using cell membranes expressing adrenergic receptors (α2A, β3) or dopamine D-1 receptors. Competitive binding assays are performed using selective radiolabeled ligands to determine the compound's affinity (Ki) for these receptors. Functional assays are used to assess its agonist or antagonist activity.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Octopamine HCl are conducted in cell lines expressing adrenergic receptors (e.g., CHO cells transfected with human α2-ARs). Cells are treated with the compound, and downstream signaling pathways (e.g., cAMP, calcium) are measured to assess receptor activation. Its effects on glycogenolysis and glycolysis can be measured in hepatocytes or other relevant cell types.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Octopamine HCl are conducted in animal models to assess its effects on blood pressure, heart rate, and metabolism. Animals are administered the compound intravenously or orally, and cardiovascular parameters are monitored. Its effects on weight loss and muscle preservation are evaluated in models of obesity or exercise.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Octopamine HCl indicate it has a molecular weight of 189.64 and a molecular formula of C8H12ClNO2. It is soluble in water, ethanol, and DMSO. The compound is typically stored as a powder at appropriate conditions. Its bioavailability and other PK parameters are consistent with those of other sympathomimetic amines.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological information for Octopamine HCl is derived from its use as a sympathomimetic amine. It may cause cardiovascular side effects such as hypertension, tachycardia, and arrhythmias at high doses. It is generally considered safe when used at recommended doses for weight loss or as a cardiotonic. Comprehensive toxicology studies would be required for clinical development.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
(R)-Octopamine is an octopamine, which is the enantiomer of (S)-octopamine. p-Hydroxyphenylethanolamine has been reported in the California sea hare (Aplysia californica), the reticulated sea hare (Fascaplysinopsis reticulata), and other organisms with relevant data. It is an α-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the central nervous system and platelets, and is also present in the nervous system of invertebrates. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. Naturally occurring D(-) octopamine produces a more effective cardiovascular adrenergic response than L(+) octopamine. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates. See also: Octopamine (note moved here).
Octopamine HCl is a biogenic monoamine that acts as a neurohormone, neuromodulator, and neurotransmitter in invertebrates. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. It is also used as an ephedrine alternative for weight loss. It is available from research chemical suppliers. It is not approved for clinical use in many countries. |
| Molecular Formula |
C8H12CLNO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
189.63
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| Exact Mass |
189.055
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 50.67; H, 6.38; Cl, 18.69; N, 7.39; O, 16.87
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| CAS # |
770-05-8
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| Related CAS # |
Octopamine-d4 hydrochloride; 1219803-62-9
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| PubChem CID |
440266
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
360.7ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
~170 °C (dec.)(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
172ºC
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| LogP |
1.886
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
111
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
Cl[H].O([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])N([H])[H])C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])O[H]
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| InChi Key |
PUMZXCBVHLCWQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H11NO2.ClH/c9-5-8(11)6-1-3-7(10)4-2-6;/h1-4,8,10-11H,5,9H2;1H
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| Chemical Name |
4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol;hydrochloride
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| Synonyms |
Octopamine Hydrochloride; Octopamine Hydrochloride salt; Octopamine HCl; Octopamine HCl salt
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: ≥ 100 mg/mL (~527.3 mM)
H2O: ≥ 50 mg/mL (~263.7 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (527.31 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.2734 mL | 26.3671 mL | 52.7343 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0547 mL | 5.2734 mL | 10.5469 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5273 mL | 2.6367 mL | 5.2734 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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