| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
o-Phenanthroline targets metal ions, acting as a chelator. It binds to various divalent and trivalent metal ions, forming stable complexes. Its primary biological target is often metalloproteins, where it can chelate the essential metal cofactor, thereby inhibiting the enzyme's activity. Its role as a metal chelator is its main mechanism of action in biochemical assays.
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| ln Vitro |
O-phenanthroline (1,10-phenanthroline, 1mM) suppresses bits sea cucumber body wall autolysis [2].
In vitro, o-Phenanthroline is used as a metal chelator to inhibit metalloproteases and other metal-dependent enzymes. It prevents the induction of chromosomal aberrations in streptozotocin-treated cells. Its ability to form a red chelate with Fe²⁺ is used in colorimetric assays for iron detection. It is a versatile reagent with no direct therapeutic activity. |
| ln Vivo |
o-Phenanthroline is not used as a therapeutic agent in vivo. Its primary applications are in research and analytical chemistry. It is not evaluated for in vivo activity in animal models as a drug.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro non-cell enzyme assays using o-Phenanthroline typically involve its use as a metalloprotease inhibitor. The compound is added to enzyme assays to chelate the metal cofactor (e.g., zinc) required for enzyme activity, thereby inhibiting the enzyme. The extent of inhibition is measured using a chromogenic or fluorogenic substrate.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for o-Phenanthroline use cell cultures to study its effects on metal-dependent cellular processes. Cells are treated with the compound, and parameters such as cell viability, chromosomal aberrations, or the activity of specific metalloenzymes are assessed. It is used to study the role of metal ions in cellular functions.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for o-Phenanthroline are limited, as it is primarily a research reagent. It may be used in toxicological studies to assess its effects on metal homeostasis and its potential as a chelating agent. However, due to its toxicity, it is not a standard tool for in vivo studies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
o-Phenanthroline has a molecular weight of 180.21 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₁₂H₈N₂. It is a white powder with a melting point of 93-94°C for the monohydrate and 117°C for the anhydrous form. It is soluble in 300 parts water, 70 parts benzene, and is soluble in alcohol and acetone.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
o-Phenanthroline is considered toxic and should be handled with care. It is a known mutagen and can cause skin and eye irritation. Its ability to chelate essential metal ions can disrupt various biological processes, leading to toxicity. Proper safety precautions, including the use of gloves and a fume hood, are essential when handling this compound.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
1,10-Phenanthroline is a phenanthroline compound. It functions as an inhibitor of EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl peptidase I) and EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase). Phenanthroline is a heterocyclic organic compound. 1,10-Phenanthroline is an inhibitor of metallopeptidases, particularly carboxypeptidase A. It inhibits enzyme activity by removing and chelating the metal ions required for catalytic activity, thereby producing an inactive apocoenzyme. 1,10-Phenanthroline primarily targets zinc metallopeptidases, with a much lower affinity for calcium metallopeptidases.
o-Phenanthroline (1,10-phenanthroline) is a versatile bidentate ligand and metal chelator widely used in coordination chemistry, analytical chemistry, and biochemical research. It is used as a metalloprotease inhibitor and in colorimetric assays for metal ion detection. It is also known by several synonyms including 1,10-o-Phenanthroline and Orthophenanthroline. It is not approved for therapeutic use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H8N2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
180.2053
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| Exact Mass |
180.068
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| CAS # |
66-71-7
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| Related CAS # |
o-Phenanthroline monohydrate;5144-89-8;o-Phenanthroline-d8;90412-47-8
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| PubChem CID |
1318
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
365.1±15.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
114-117 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
164.8±11.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.740
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| LogP |
1.78
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
14
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| Complexity |
183
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H8N2/c1-3-9-5-6-10-4-2-8-14-12(10)11(9)13-7-1/h1-8H
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| Chemical Name |
1,10-phenanthroline
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~554.91 mM)
Ethanol : ~50 mg/mL (~277.45 mM) H2O : ~2 mg/mL (~11.10 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.5491 mL | 27.7454 mL | 55.4908 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1098 mL | 5.5491 mL | 11.0982 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5549 mL | 2.7745 mL | 5.5491 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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