| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Targets |
MA-5 targets mitochondria, where it exerts its effects by modulating mitochondrial function. Its mechanism of action involves stabilizing mitochondrial membranes and protecting cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis. The compound binds to mitochondria and enhances ATP synthesis, which is critical for cellular energy homeostasis. By improving mitochondrial function, MA-5 helps to protect cells from damage in various disease contexts, including mitochondrial diseases, renal tubular damage, and cardiac myocyte damage. It also exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which contribute to its cytoprotective effects.
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| ln Vitro |
ATP generation in mitochondria is regulated by mitochondrial acid 5 (MA-5), which is not influenced by the electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation. Increased mitochondrial oxidation and ATP depletion are caused by mitochondrial malfunction and are linked to regeneration in a range of mitochondrial disorders [1]. The plant growth hormone regulator-3-receptor, from which (MA-5) is derived, controls energy stimulation and lowers mitochondrial oxidation to safeguard mitochondrial function. The MTT assay was used to assess cell viability in order to see the protective impact of mitochondrial acid 5 on asteroid cells in controlled conditions. Treatment with TNFα resulted in a considerable reduction in cell viability. Treatment with mitochondrial acid 5 reduces this effect, but, in a dependent way [2].
In vitro studies have demonstrated that MA-5 improves the survival of fibroblasts from patients with mitochondrial diseases. It binds to mitochondria and protects cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis. The compound also shows anti-cancer properties in various in vitro models. Its ability to modulate ATP synthesis has been confirmed in cell-based assays. These in vitro findings highlight its potential as a therapeutic agent for mitochondrial dysfunction and related disorders. |
| ln Vivo |
In animal models of cardiac reperfusion injury and cisplatin-induced nephropathy, mitochondrial acid 5 (MA-5) enhances renal function. The study aimed to investigate the protective effects of mitochondrial acid 5 on tissue bioavailability. At a peak time of one hour, mitochondria acid 5 raises the Manhattan concentration in a dose-response manner [1].
In vivo studies have shown that MA-5 ameliorates renal tubular and cardiac myocyte damage. The compound's ability to protect against oxidative stress and apoptosis translates to protective effects in animal models of disease. Its efficacy in improving mitochondrial function and reducing tissue damage has been demonstrated in various preclinical models. These results support its potential for treating mitochondrial diseases, renal disorders, and cardiac conditions. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro activity of MA-5 is typically assessed in cell-based functional assays rather than direct enzyme-receptor binding assays. Its ability to modulate mitochondrial ATP synthesis is measured using ATP quantification kits in treated cells. The compound's protective effects against oxidative stress are evaluated by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and cell viability in cells exposed to oxidative insults. Its anti-inflammatory activity is assessed by measuring the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in treated cells.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for MA-5 involve treating patient-derived fibroblasts or other cell lines with the compound and measuring cell survival, ATP levels, and markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The compound's ability to stabilize mitochondrial membranes is evaluated using mitochondrial membrane potential assays. Its anti-cancer activity is assessed in cancer cell lines by measuring cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for MA-5 are conducted in models of mitochondrial disease, renal damage, and cardiac injury. The compound is administered orally or intraperitoneally, and its effects on tissue damage, mitochondrial function, and survival are assessed. These studies are crucial for evaluating its therapeutic potential and safety profile.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
MA-5 has a molecular weight of 329.3 g/mol and a molecular formula of C18H13F2NO3. Its LogP is 3.1, and its tPSA is 70.2. The compound is a light yellow to yellow solid powder. It has a purity of >98% and should be stored at -20°C for long-term stability.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of MA-5 has not been extensively characterized. As a research-grade compound, comprehensive toxicological evaluations are limited. Its safety for therapeutic use has not been established.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid is an organic molecular entity. It increases cellular ATP production; its structure is described in the first source.
MA-5 is a research compound for studying mitochondrial biology and cellular stress responses. It has not entered clinical trials or received regulatory approval for therapeutic use. Its mechanism of action involves modulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis and protection against oxidative stress and apoptosis. |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H13F2NO3
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| Molecular Weight |
329.297531843185
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| Exact Mass |
329.086
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 65.65; H, 3.98; F, 11.54; N, 4.25; O, 14.58
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| CAS # |
1354707-41-7
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| PubChem CID |
76070959
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| LogP |
3.1
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
24
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| Complexity |
487
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)C(CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)F)F)C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
BOKQALWNGNLTOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H13F2NO3/c19-10-5-6-12(15(20)7-10)17(22)8-13(18(23)24)14-9-21-16-4-2-1-3-11(14)16/h1-7,9,13,21H,8H2,(H,23,24)
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| Chemical Name |
4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid
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| Synonyms |
MA 5 MA-5 Mitochonic Acid 5
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: ≥ 106.66 mg/mL (~323.90 mM)
H2O: < 0.1 mg/mL (Insoluble) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.59 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.59 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.59 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.0367 mL | 15.1837 mL | 30.3674 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6073 mL | 3.0367 mL | 6.0735 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3037 mL | 1.5184 mL | 3.0367 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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