| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| Targets |
Marein targets multiple signaling pathways. It improves insulin resistance through the CaMKK/AMPK/GLUT1 pathway to promote glucose uptake. It increases glycogen synthesis through the IRS/Akt/GSK-3β pathway. It decreases gluconeogenesis through the Akt/FoxO1 pathway. Marein shows neuroprotective effects through the activation of the AMPK signal pathway and reduction of mitochondrial damage. It is also an HDAC inhibitor. These multiple targets contribute to its diverse pharmacological activities.
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| ln Vitro |
With IC50 values of 100 and >200 µM, respectively, marein (0-1000 µM; 24 h) suppresses TNFα-induced NF-κB activation as well as HDAC activity [1]. In HepG2 cells, marein (1.25–40 μM; 24 hours) increases the absorption of glucose [2]. Marein (5–10 μM; 24 hours) elevates the amount of liver glycogen, decreases the expression of G6Pase and PEPCK in HepG2 cells, and facilitates the transfer of GLUT1 from intercellular vesicles to the plasma membrane [2]. Marein (5–10 μM; 24 hours) increases the absorption of 2-NBDG and is inhibited by STO-609 and Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor [2]. In PC12 cells, marein (0–40 μM; 24 hours) alters the cytotoxicity of MG [3].
In vitro, Marein improves insulin resistance induced by high glucose in HepG2 cells through CaMKK/AMPK/GLUT1 to promote glucose uptake, through IRS/Akt/GSK-3β to increase glycogen synthesis, and through Akt/FoxO1 to decrease gluconeogenesis. It shows neuroprotective effects on PC12 cell damage induced by methylglyoxal by reducing mitochondrial damage and activating the AMPK signal pathway. Marein has antioxidant activity and reduces oxidative stress. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antihyperlipidemic effects. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Marein has been shown to reduce fasting blood glucose and fasting serum insulin levels. It exhibits protective effects against oxidative stress, reduces inflammation, and inhibits bacterial growth. The compound has potential applications in the treatment of chronic diseases, skin disorders, and as an adjunct in integrative medicine for immune health. Its antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects have been demonstrated in animal models, although specific experimental details are not provided in the search results.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro activity of Marein is assessed using various cell-based and biochemical assays. For anti-diabetic studies, HepG2 cells are cultured in high glucose medium to induce insulin resistance. Cells are treated with various concentrations of Marein (typically 1-100 µM) for 24-48 hours. Glucose uptake is measured using a fluorescent glucose analog (e.g., 2-NBDG). Glycogen synthesis is assessed by measuring glycogen content using a colorimetric assay. Gluconeogenesis is assessed by measuring glucose production from pyruvate or lactate. The phosphorylation of AMPK, Akt, GSK-3β, and FoxO1 is analyzed by Western blotting using phospho-specific antibodies.
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| Cell Assay |
Western Blot Analysis [2]
Cell Types: HepG2 cell line Tested Concentrations: 5 and 10 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: The translocation of GLUT1 to the plasma membrane was increased and the phosphorylation levels of AS160 and GSK-3β were diminished in HepG2 cells. Western Blot Analysis[2] Cell Types: HepG2 Cell Line Tested Concentrations: 10 μM Incubation Duration: 0-10 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Time- and dose-dependent induction of AMPK and Akt phosphorylation in HepG2 cells. Cell viability assay [3] Cell Types: PC12 Cell Line Tested Concentrations: 0-40 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Prevents MG-induced loss of PC12 cell viability. Apoptosis analysis[3] Cell Types: PC12 Cell Line Tested Concentrations: 5-10 μM Incubation Duration: 30 minutes Experimental Results: Protection of PC12 cells from MG-induced apoptosis. Western Blot Analysis[3] Cell Types: PC12 Cell Line Tested Concentrations: 5-10 μM Incubation Duration: 30 minutes Experimental Results: Increased Phospho-AMPKα (Thr172) in PC12 cells. For cellular assays, HepG2 hepatoma cells, PC12 neuronal cells, or 3T3-L1 adipocytes are used. Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with various concentrations of Marein (typically 1-100 µM) for defined periods (6-48 hours). Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. Glucose uptake is measured using 2-NBDG or [³H]-2-deoxyglucose. Glycogen content is measured using a colorimetric assay. Triglyceride content is measured using a colorimetric assay. The expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism (e.g., GLUT1, PEPCK, G6Pase) is analyzed by qPCR. |
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo, Marein is typically administered orally to animal models. For anti-diabetic studies, diabetic mice (e.g., db/db mice or high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice) are treated with Marein (typically 10-100 mg/kg) daily for 2-4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose and serum insulin levels are measured. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) are performed. For neuroprotection studies, animal models of diabetic encephalopathy or neurodegeneration are used. Cognitive function is assessed using behavioral tests, and neuronal damage is assessed by histopathology.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Marein has a molecular weight of 450.39 g/mol and is soluble in DMSO and ethanol. It is a glucoside chalcone with moderate lipophilicity. The compound should be stored under appropriate conditions to maintain stability. Specific pharmacokinetic data (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) is not available in the provided search results. Its bioavailability and half-life would require further investigation.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for Marein is not available in the provided search results. In in vitro studies, the compound did not show significant cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 100 µM. As a natural compound with a long history of use in traditional medicine, it is generally considered to have a low toxicity profile. However, comprehensive toxicological studies are required to establish its full safety profile. The compound should be handled with standard laboratory safety precautions.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Marin is a flavonoid and glycoside. It has been reported to be found in European fir, toothed vigilara, and other organisms with relevant data.
Marein is a natural chalconoid with diverse pharmacological activities, including antidiabetic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antihyperlipidemic effects. It is found in Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt, a plant used in traditional medicine for its health benefits. The compound's multiple mechanisms of action—including activation of AMPK, modulation of insulin signaling, and inhibition of HDAC—make it a compound of significant research interest. Marein is not approved for clinical use and is primarily used as a research compound to study its pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action. It is available from chemical suppliers for research purposes. |
| Molecular Formula |
C21H22O11
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
450.39278
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| Exact Mass |
450.116
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| CAS # |
535-96-6
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| PubChem CID |
6441269
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| Appearance |
Yellow to orange solid powder
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| Density |
1.7±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
835.4±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
197-202ºC
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| Flash Point |
293.5±27.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.751
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| LogP |
-0.18
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
32
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| Complexity |
658
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
C1=CC(=C(C=C1/C=C/C(=O)C2=C(C(=C(C=C2)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
XGEYXJDOVMEJNG-HTFDPZBKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H22O11/c22-8-15-18(28)19(29)20(30)21(32-15)31-14-6-3-10(16(26)17(14)27)11(23)4-1-9-2-5-12(24)13(25)7-9/h1-7,15,18-22,24-30H,8H2/b4-1+/t15-,18-,19+,20-,21-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-[2,3-dihydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-en-1-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~25 mg/mL (~55.51 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.55 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.55 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: 2.5 mg/mL (5.55 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.2203 mL | 11.1015 mL | 22.2030 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4441 mL | 2.2203 mL | 4.4406 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2220 mL | 1.1101 mL | 2.2203 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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