| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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Purity: =98.09%
Luteolin (also known as Digitoflavone; Salifazide; BRN0292084; RN 0292084; Luteolol) is a naturally occuring flavonoid isolated from plants such as Terminalia chebula, which is a non-selective phisphodiesterase PDE inhibitor for PDE1-5 with Ki values of 15.0 μM, 6.4 μM, 13.9 μM, 11.1 μM and 9.5 μM, respectively. Luteolin has antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity, and plants rich in luteolin have been used in Chinese traditional medicine.
| Targets |
Natural product; Apoptosis; Nrf2
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| ln Vitro |
NCI-H460 cells treated with luteolin (0-160 µM; 24 hours) exhibit concentration-dependent inhibition of cell viability[1]. Treatment with luteolin (20-80 µM; 24-hour; NCI-H460 cells) results in a cell accumulation in the S phase[1]. Apoptosis is induced by luteolin treatment (320–580 µM; 48 hours; NCI-H460 cells)[1]. Treatment with luteolin (20–80 µM; 24 hours; NCI-H460 cells) increases the concentration-dependent levels of protein expression of apoptotic regulatory proteins, such as the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio; however, only 80 µM of luteolin inhibits the expression of Bad. In the NCI-H460 cell line, luteolin also reduces Sirt1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner[1].
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| ln Vivo |
In adult male Wistar rats fed a high-carb/high-fat diet, luteolin (10–100 mg/kg; oral gavage; daily; for 12 weeks) has an antioxidant effect and can help prevent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory IL-1 and Il-18 pathways[2].
Obtained results showed ability of luteolin to reduce activity of ALT and AST and to decrease levels of bilirubin, hyaluronic acid and malondialdehyde significantly (p < 0.05). Also, luteolin showed an anti-oxidant activity as indicated by the significant (p < 0.05) increase in reduced glutathione. Finally, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-18 levels was observed most notably in groups that received high doses of luteolin (50 and 100 mg/kg)[2]. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor regulating the expression of a battery of cytoprotective genes. Constitutive Nrf2 activation in many tumors enhances cell survival and resistance to anticancer drugs. Using a cell-based ARE-reporter assay we discovered that the flavonoid luteolin is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin inhibited ARE-driven gene expression redox-independently. In non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells, which possess constitutively active Nrf2, luteolin elicited a dramatic reduction in Nrf2 at both the mRNA and the protein levels, leading to decreased Nrf2 binding to AREs, down-regulation of ARE-driven genes, and depletion of reduced glutathione. After transcription was blocked with actinomycin D, 1μM luteolin decreased the Nrf2 mRNA level by 34% in 30 min, indicating its role in accelerating Nrf2 mRNA turnover. At physiological concentrations, luteolin significantly sensitized A549 cells to the anticancer drugs oxaliplatin, bleomycin, and doxorubicin. However, knockdown of Nrf2 using siRNA essentially abolished the induced sensitivity by the flavonoid, implying the importance of inhibiting Nrf2 for its activity. Our study demonstrates that an Nrf2 inhibitor can enhance the responsiveness of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and indicates the potential application of luteolin as a natural sensitizer in chemotherapy [3].
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| Cell Assay |
Cell Viability Assay[1]
Cell Types: NCI-H460 cells Tested Concentrations: 0 µM, 20 µM, 40 µM, 80 µM and 160 µM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Inhibited the viability of NCI-H460 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell Cycle Analysis[1] Cell Types: NCI-H460 cells Tested Concentrations: 20 µM, 40 µM, 80 µM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induced cell cycle arrest in the S phase. Apoptosis Analysis[1] Cell Types: NCI-H460 cells Tested Concentrations: 320 µM, 440 µM, 580 µM Incubation Duration: 48 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Apoptotic fraction was markedly increased. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: NCI-H460 cells Tested Concentrations: 20 µM, 40 µM, 80 µM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Increased the protein expression levels of apoptotic regulatory proteins and diminished the expression of Sirt1 in the NCI-H460 cell line in a concentration-dependent manner. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Adult male Wistar rats (200-220 g)[2]
Doses: 10 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/ kg Route of Administration: po (oral gavage); daily; for 12 weeks Experimental Results: Dramatically decreased ALT and AST activity and decreased levels of bilirubin, hyaluronic acid and malondialdehyde. Shows an antioxidant activity such as a significant increase in decreased glutathione. IFN-γ, TNF-α , IL-1α and IL-18 levels diminished Dramatically. Adult male Wistar rats (200-220 g; n = 60) were used. Rats were fed a high carbohydrate/high fat diet (˜ 30% carbohydrate and 42% fat) daily for 12 weeks to induce NASH. Luteolin (10, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day) was administered as a suspension (10% w/v in 0.9% NaCl) using an oral gavage. Histopathological changes (necrosis, inflammation and steatosis) were evaluated. Biomarkers for liver function, lipid peroxidation, extracellular matrix deposition and anti-oxidant activity were measured. Levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1α and IL-18 were measured[2]. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Luteolin has known human metabolites that include Luteolin-7-glucuronide and (2S,3S,4S,5R)-6-[5-(5,7-Dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-2-hydroxyphenoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 180 mg/kg Yaoxue Tongbao. Bulletin of Pharmacology., 16(2)(11), 1981
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| References |
[1]. Ma L, et al. Luteolin exerts an anticancer effect on NCI-H460 human non-small cell lung cancer cells through the induction of Sirt1-mediated apoptosis. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Sep;12(3):4196-4202.
[2]. Abu-Elsaad N, et al. Protection against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through targeting IL-18 and IL-1alpha by luteolin. Pharmacol Rep. 2019 Aug;71(4):688-694. [3]. Xiuwen Tang, et al. Luteolin inhibits Nrf2 leading to negative regulation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway and sensitization of human lung carcinoma A549 cells to therapeutic drugs. Free Radic Biol Med. 2011 Jun 1;50(11):1599-609. |
| Additional Infomation |
Luteolin is a tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3', 4', 5 and 7. It is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and an immune system modulator as well as being active against several cancers. It has a role as an EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist, a plant metabolite, a nephroprotective agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer, a radical scavenger and an immunomodulator. It is a 3'-hydroxyflavonoid and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a luteolin-7-olate.
Luteolin has been reported in Camellia sinensis, Codonopsis lanceolata, and other organisms with data available. Luteolin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid, with potential anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, apoptosis-inducing and chemopreventive activities. Upon administration, luteolin scavenges free radicals, protects cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage and induces direct cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells. This inhibits tumor cell proliferation and suppresses metastasis. Bismite is a mineral with formula of Bi3+2O3 or Bi2O3. The IMA symbol is Bis. 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES. See also: Flavone (subclass of); Chamomile (part of); Fenugreek seed (part of) ... View More ... |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H10O6
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| Molecular Weight |
286.24
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| Exact Mass |
286.047
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 62.94; H, 3.52; O, 33.54
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| CAS # |
491-70-3
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| Related CAS # |
Luteolin (Standard);491-70-3; 6113-16-2 (hydrate)
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| PubChem CID |
5280445
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.7±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
616.1±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
~330 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
239.5±25.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.8 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.768
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| Source |
Camellia sinensis, Codonopsis lanceolata, and other organisms; Escherichia coli
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| LogP |
2.4
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
21
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| Complexity |
447
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O1C(=C([H])C(C2=C(C([H])=C(C([H])=C12)O[H])O[H])=O)C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C(C=1[H])O[H])O[H]
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| InChi Key |
InChI=1S/C15H10O6/c16-8-4-11(19)15-12(20)6-13(21-14(15)5-8)7-1-2-9(17)10(18)3-7/h1-6,16-19H
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H10O6/c16-8-4-11(19)15-12(20)6-13(21-14(15)5-8)7-1-2-9(17)10(18)3-7/h1-6,16-19H
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| Chemical Name |
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-benzopyroneInChi Key:IQPNAANSBPBGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| Synonyms |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.27 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 20 mg/mL (69.87 mM) in 50% PEG300 50% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.4936 mL | 17.4679 mL | 34.9357 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6987 mL | 3.4936 mL | 6.9871 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3494 mL | 1.7468 mL | 3.4936 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT05204407 | Recruiting | Dietary Supplement: Luteolin Dietary Supplement: Placebo |
Schizophrenia Schizoaffective Disorder |
University of Maryland, Baltimore | June 13, 2022 | Not Applicable |
| NCT06047899 | Not yet recruiting | Dietary Supplement: Luteolin Other: Placebo |
Memory | Prof. Dominique de Quervain, MD | November 28, 2023 | Not Applicable |
| NCT04468854 | Terminated | Dietary Supplement: Luteolin Other: Placebo |
Memory | University of Basel | January 1, 2020 | Not Applicable |
| NCT03444558 | Completed | Dietary Supplement: Natural supplement containing chlorogenic acid and luteolin |
Metabolic Syndrome | University of Palermo | June 1, 2017 | Not Applicable |
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