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Description: Lithocholic acid (3α-Hydroxy-5β-cholanic acid), a secondary bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is also a toxic secondary bile acid, causes intrahepatic cholestasis, has tumor-promoting activity, its toxic effect can be protected after it activates the vitamin D receptor, PXR and FXR. Among 17 kinds of bile acids with respect to inhibition of mammalian DNA polymerases, only LCA and its derivatives inhibited DNA polymerases, while other bile acids did not show inhibitory effect. Administration of LCA and its conjugates to rodents causes intrahepatic cholestasis, which is a pathogenic state characterized by decreased bile flow and the accumulation of bile constituents in the liver and blood.
References: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Mar 13;98(6):3369-74; Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1313-6.
Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2
In vitro activity: Lithocholic acid (LCA) is a hydrophobic secondary bile acid that is primarily formed in the intestine by the bacterial 7α-dehydroxylation of chenodeoxycholic acid. LCA causes intrahepatic cholestasis (cessation or impairment of bile flow). LCA activates PXR (pregnane X receptor), and the LCA-induced severe liver damage can be protected by the activation of PXR. LCA is a ligand for farnesoid X receptor (FXR) with EC50 of 3.8 μM. LCA directly binds VDR (vitamin D receptor) with Ki of 29μM, activates VDR (vitamin D receptor) 30 μM, with much more sensitivity than the other nuclear receptors (eg. PXR, FXR), and its toxic effect is thus protected. LCA has tumor-promoting activity, inhibits mammalian DNA Polymerase β with IC50 of 15 μM
Kinase Assay: Ligand binding is performed using lysates from COS-7 cells transfected with expression plasmids for VDR or RXRα. Binding is performed overnight at 4°C in lysate buffer with 0.71 nM (18 Ci/mmol) [3H]1,25(OH)2D3 and bile acid competitor. Unbound [3H]1,25(OH)2D3 is removed by adsorption to dextran-coated charcoal and the supernatant removed for scintillation counting. Ki values are calculated from a computer fit of competition curves from triplicate assays.
Purity ≥98%
COA
MSDS
NMR