Levodopa (L-DOPA)

Alias: Levodopa, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanin; L-DOPA; Dopar; Sinemet; Pharmacopa; Atamet; Stalevo; Madopar; Prolopa

Cat No.:V1252 Purity: ≥98%

COA Product Data Instructions for use SDS

Levodopa (L-DOPA) Chemical Structure CAS No.: 59-92-7
Product category: Dopamine Receptor

This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.

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100mg
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500mg
1g
2g
5g
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Other Forms of Levodopa (L-DOPA):

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Top Publications Citing lnvivochem Products

Nature 2021, 597(7874):119-125.

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Immunity 2023,56(3):620-634.e11.

J Am Chem Soc 2022,144:21831-21836.

Cell 2020,183:1202-1218.e25.

Science Adv 2022:8,eabm9427.

Nature 2021,597(7874):119-125.

Cell 2020,183:1202-1218.e25.

PNAS Nexus 2022,1(3):pgac063.

ACS Nano 2023,17(10):9110-9125.

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Purity & Quality Control Documentation

Current batch：

Purity: ≥98%

COA

MSDS

NMR

Instructions

Product Description
Bioactivity & Protocols
Physicochemical Properties
Solubility Data
Calculators
Clinical Trial Information
Biological Data

Product Description

Levodopa (L-DOPA, Dopar, Sinemet, Pharmacopa, Atamet, Stalevo, Madopar, Prolopa) is the L-isomer of DOPA and the precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline) with anti-Parkinson's disease activity. It has been applied to alleviate Parkinson's disease symptoms. Levodopa is a chemical that is produced and utilized by humans, certain animals, and plants as part of their regular biology. L-tyrosine, an amino acid, is biosynthesised by certain humans and animals. Moreover, L-DOPA itself mediates the brain and central nervous system's release of neurotrophic factors.

Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)

Targets

Dopamine receptor

ln Vitro

In vitro activity: Levodopa reduces 3H-DA uptake in fetal rat midbrain cultures in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations between 25 and 200 μM. Levodopa causes disruption to the entire neuritic network as well as a reduction in the number of viable cells and TH-positive neurones.[1] By excessively inhibiting the neurons of the putamen-globus pallidus (GPe) projection and then disinhibiting the globus pallidus (GPe), levodopa causes dyskinesia in the absence of dopamine. In the globus pallidus (GPi), levodopa causes a decrease in the expression of cytochrome oxidase messenger RNA.[2]

ln Vivo

Levodopa causes a range of atypical movements in monkeys suffering from parkinsonism brought on by the neurotoxin MPTP. In 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, levodopa administrations cause an ectopic induction of dopamine D3receptor expression in the CdPu.[3] In intact rats, levodopa (50 mg/kg) activates dopamine D1/D2 receptors, raising anandamide concentrations throughout the basal ganglia. In lesioned rats, levodopa causes progressively more severe oro-lingual involuntary movements that are lessened by the cannabinoid agonist R(+)-WIN55,212-2 (1 mg/kg). The up-regulation of D2 dopamine receptors observed in rats with severe lesioning is reversed upon levodopa administration [4], indicating that levodopa reaches a biologically active concentration at the basal ganglia.[5]

Animal Protocol

7-week-old C57BL/6J mice
20 mg/kg
Orally

References

[1]. Neuroreport . 1993 Apr;4(4):438-40.

[2]. J Antimicrob Chemother . 2004 Jun;53(6):1086-9.

[3]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1997, 94(7), 3363-3367.

[4]. Eur J Neurosci . 2003 Sep;18(6):1607-14.

[5]. Ann Neurol . 1998 May;43(5):561-75.

These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula

C9H11NO4

Molecular Weight

197.19

Exact Mass

197.07

Elemental Analysis

C, 54.82; H, 5.62; N, 7.10; O, 32.46

CAS #

59-92-7

Related CAS #

L-DOPA-2,5,6-d3; 53587-29-4; L-DOPA-d6; 713140-75-1; L-DOPA sodium; 63302-01-2; L-DOPA-13C6; 201417-12-1; L-DOPA-13C; 586971-29-1

Appearance

Solid powder

SMILES

C1=CC(=C(C=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)O)O

InChi Key

WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C9H11NO4/c10-6(9(13)14)3-5-1-2-7(11)8(12)4-5/h1-2,4,6,11-12H,3,10H2,(H,13,14)/t6-/m0/s1

Chemical Name

(2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

Synonyms

Levodopa, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanin; L-DOPA; Dopar; Sinemet; Pharmacopa; Atamet; Stalevo; Madopar; Prolopa

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

Storage

Powder -20°C 3 years

4°C 2 years

In solvent -80°C 6 months

-20°C 1 month

Shipping Condition

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: <1 mg/mL

Water: <1 mg/mL

Ethanol: <1 mg/mL

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: 3.33 mg/mL (16.89 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication (<60°C).

(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	5.0713 mL	25.3563 mL	50.7125 mL
	5 mM	1.0143 mL	5.0713 mL	10.1425 mL
	10 mM	0.5071 mL	2.5356 mL	5.0713 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

Mass

Concentration

Volume

Molecular Weight*

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Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

Calculate the Mass of a compound required to prepare a solution of known volume and concentration
Calculate the Volume of solution required to dissolve a compound of known mass to a desired concentration
Calculate the Concentration of a solution resulting from a known mass of compound in a specific volume

See Example

An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?

Enter 350.26 in the Molecular Weight (MW) box
Enter 10 in the Concentration box and choose the correct unit (mM)
Enter 5 in the Volume box and choose the correct unit (mL)
Click the “Calculate” button
The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Concentration (Start)

Volume (Start)

Concentration (End)

Volume (End)

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Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:

Enter 10 into the Concentration (Start) box and choose the correct unit (mM)
Enter 25 into the Concentration (End) box and select the correct unit (mM)
Enter 25 into the Volume (End) box and choose the correct unit (mL)
Click the “Calculate” button
The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box

Molecular formula

Total molecular weight

g/mol

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Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4 c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:

To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter the chemical/molecular formula and click the “Calculate’ button.

Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:

Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.

Volume (to add to vial)

Mass (in vial)

Desired Reconstitution Concentration

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Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

Enter the mass of the reagent and the desired reconstitution concentration as well as the correct units
Click the “Calculate” button
The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage mg/kg

Average weight of animals g

Dosing volume per animal μL

Number of animals

Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)

% DMSO

% Tween 80

% ddH₂O

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Calculation results

Working concentration： mg/mL；

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O，mix and clarify.

Note： (1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Clinical Trial Information

NCT Number	Recruitment	interventions	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT04990284	Active Recruiting	Drug: Opicapone Drug: L-DOPA/DDCI	Parkinson Disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	November 29, 2021	Phase 4
NCT02480803	Active Recruiting	Device: deep brain stimulation Drug: Continuous intrajejunal infusion of levodopa-carbidopa	Parkinson's Disease	Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA)	December 19, 2014	Phase 4
NCT03243552	Active Recruiting	Drug: L-DOPA versus Placebo Behavioral: Social Skills Training	ASD	University of California, Los Angeles	June 1, 2017	Phase 2
NCT04469959	Recruiting	Drug: L-Dopa Drug: Placebo	Levodopa Gait Impairment	Vanderbilt University Medical Center	February 15, 2021	Phase 2
NCT06075771	Recruiting	Drug: Carbidopa Levodopa Drug: Placebo	Anhedonia Depression	Emory University	November 21, 2023	Phase 4

Biological Data

Changes in D3 receptor binding elicited by repeated levodopa treatments of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 1997 Apr 1;94(7):3363-7.

Progressive changes in D3-receptor binding and levodopa-induced rotations and neuropeptide mRNAs in CdPu of unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned rats following repeated treatment with levodopa and withdrawal. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 1997 Apr 1;94(7):3363-7.

Effects of nafadotride, a preferential D3-receptor antagonist on levodopa-induced rotations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 1997 Apr 1;94(7):3363-7.