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100mg |
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250mg |
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500mg |
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1g |
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2g |
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25g |
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Purity: ≥98%
Lamivudine (formerly also known as GR109714X; 3TC, Heptovir, BCH-189; trade names: Epivir, Zeffix) is a potent nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase (NRTI) inhibitor, which has been approved for treatment of chronic HBV and HIV/AIDS. Lamivudine is a cytidine analog which acts asby inhibiting reverse transcriptase. It is effective against both HIV reverse transcriptase 1 and 2, as well as hepatitis B reverse transcriptase. Lamivudine must be phosphorylated to its triphosphate form before it is active.Lamivudine is on the WHO (World Health Organization)'s List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.
ln Vitro |
In primary duck hepatocyte (PDH) cultures produced from ducklings congenitally infected with the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), lamivudine (1 μM) exhibits antiviral activity and is a powerful inhibitor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication[1]. Inhibiting DHBV replication, lamivudine (0–20 μM; 2, 4, 9 d) has a 50% inhibitory dose of 0.55 μM[1]. When lamivudine and penciclovir (9-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxymethyl]guanine [PCV]) are coupled (1 μM; 2, 4, 9 d), they exhibit a synergistic impact that is particularly effective in decreasing the typically resistant viral covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA type of DHBV[1].
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ln Vivo |
Lamivudine is toxic to rat liver and produces oxidative stress (20–500 mg/kg/d; po; 15 or 45 d)[2]. In rat brain regions susceptible to HIV neurodegeneration, lamivudine (50 mg/kg; ip; single dose) localizes and penetrates the central nervous system (CNS) effectively[3]. In HIV-positive rats, the pharmacokinetic parameters of lamivudine were as follows: Cmax (μg/mL) Parameter Tmax (h) T1/2 (h) AUC (h·ng/mL) Plasma 25,846 0.25 0.68 22,172 Brain 272 0.5 1.2 967 The 24-hour period was used to collect the pharmacokinetic data, with sampling occurring at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and 24.0 hours after medication.
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Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Wistar female rats[2]
Doses: 20-500 mg/kg/day Route of Administration: po (oral gavage); single or repeated dose; 15 or 45 days Experimental Results: Increased activities of the aminotransferases (ALT and AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and total protein concentration in serum at 500 mg/kg dose. Increased activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), GGT and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein at 20 mg/kg dose. Caused multifocal lymphocyte population and hepatocyte edema degeneration in hepatic sinusoids of chickens. |
References |
[1]. Colledge D, et al. Synergistic inhibition of hepadnaviral replication by lamivudine in combination with penciclovir in vitro. Hepatology. 1997 Jul;26(1):216-25.
[2]. Olaniyan LW, et al. Lamivudine-Induced Liver Injury. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2015 Dec 15;3(4):545-50. [3]. Mdanda S, et al. Zidovudine and Lamivudine as Potential Agents to Combat HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder. Assay Drug Dev Technol. 2019 Oct;17(7):322-329. |
Molecular Formula |
C8H11N3O3S
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Molecular Weight |
229.26
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CAS # |
134678-17-4
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SMILES |
S1[C@]([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O[C@@]([H])(C1([H])[H])N1C(N=C(C([H])=C1[H])N([H])[H])=O
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InChi Key |
JTEGQNOMFQHVDC-NKWVEPMBSA-N
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InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H11N3O3S/c9-5-1-2-11(8(13)10-5)6-4-15-7(3-12)14-6/h1-2,6-7,12H,3-4H2,(H2,9,10,13)/t6-,7+/m0/s1
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Chemical Name |
4-amino-1-[(2R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]pyrimidin-2-one
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Synonyms |
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
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Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 4.3619 mL | 21.8093 mL | 43.6186 mL | |
5 mM | 0.8724 mL | 4.3619 mL | 8.7237 mL | |
10 mM | 0.4362 mL | 2.1809 mL | 4.3619 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.