| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Lactobionic acid does not have a specific pharmacological target. It chelates metal ions (e.g., iron, calcium) via its polyhydroxy groups, reducing oxidative stress by preventing Fenton reactions. It also acts as an osmolyte and protects cells from hypothermic injury. It may modulate cytokine release in certain inflammatory settings by reducing iron-catalyzed free radical production.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, lactobionic acid protects hepatocytes and renal cells from cold ischemia-reperfusion injury at concentrations of 10-50 mM. It shows antioxidant activity by scavenging hydroxyl radicals (IC50 ~ 5 mM). It does not exhibit cytotoxicity up to 100 mM in cell culture. It also inhibits elastase and collagenase, contributing to its moisturizing effects.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, lactobionic acid is used in organ preservation solutions (e.g., Viaspan) to improve liver and kidney graft survival. In animal models, it reduces oxidative damage and improves organ function after transplantation. It also shows wound-healing effects in rats when applied topically as a gel. No systemic pharmacological effects are noted.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro metal chelation assay is performed using the ferrozine method. Lactobionic acid (0.1-10 mM) is mixed with Fe²⁺ and ferrozine, and absorbance at 562 nm is measured. The chelating activity is calculated as the percentage of iron bound. For antioxidant assays, hydroxyl radical scavenging is measured by deoxyribose degradation, and superoxide scavenging by NBT reduction.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based assays, primary rat hepatocytes are isolated and cultured with lactobionic acid (10-50 mM) in cold storage medium (4°C) for 24 h, then rewarmed to 37°C. Cell viability is assessed by trypan blue exclusion and LDH release. Apoptosis is measured by caspase-3 activity. For skin cells, keratinocytes are treated with lactobionic acid (1-10 mM) and evaluated for hydration and differentiation markers.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo organ preservation studies are performed in rats or pigs. Livers are harvested and perfused with Viaspan solution containing lactobionic acid at 4°C for several hours, then transplanted into recipients. Survival, bile production, and serum ALT/AST are monitored. For wound healing, male Wistar rats are given full-thickness skin wounds and treated topically with 5% lactobionic acid gel daily for 14 days; wound contraction is measured.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Lactobionic acid is not absorbed systemically when applied topically. When used in perfusion solutions, it remains in the extracellular space and is washed out after transplantation. It is metabolized to lactose and then to glucose and galactose. Renal clearance is rapid. No significant systemic accumulation occurs.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Lactobionic acid is considered safe and non-toxic. The oral LD50 in rats is >5000 mg/kg. It is not irritating to skin or eyes. No mutagenicity or carcinogenicity has been reported. It is approved as a food additive and cosmetic ingredient. In organ preservation, it is part of FDA-approved solutions.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Lactobionic acid is a disaccharide formed from β-D-galactose and D-gluconic acid. It has antioxidant properties, is functionally related to lactose, and is the conjugate acid of lactobionic acid.
Lactobionic acid is widely used in cosmetics as a moisturizer and in pharmaceutical formulations as an excipient. It is the key component of Viaspan organ preservation solution. It has also been investigated for its potential in treating iron overload disorders, but no clinical application has been developed. It is available as a research chemical and cosmetic ingredient. |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H22O12
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
358.2959
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| Exact Mass |
358.111
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| CAS # |
96-82-2
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| Related CAS # |
5001-51-4 (calcium salt[2:1]);110638-68-1 (calcium salt/solvate);12569-38-9 (calcium glubionate salt/solvate);129388-07-4 (levdobutamine salt/solvate);135326-55-5 (clarithromycin salt/solvate);305831-47-4 (azithromycin salt/solvate);33659-28-8 (calcium bromo salt/solvate);3847-29-8 (erythromycin salt/solvate);69313-67-3 (potassium salt/solvate);97635-31-9 (calcium glubionate salt/solvate)
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| PubChem CID |
7314
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.8±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
864.7±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
113-118 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
319.1±27.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.648
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| LogP |
-4.06
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
9
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
12
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
24
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| Complexity |
406
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
9
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| SMILES |
C([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]([C@@H](CO)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
JYTUSYBCFIZPBE-AMTLMPIISA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H22O12/c13-1-3(15)10(7(18)8(19)11(21)22)24-12-9(20)6(17)5(16)4(2-14)23-12/h3-10,12-20H,1-2H2,(H,21,22)/t3-,4-,5+,6+,7-,8-,9-,10-,12+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~125 mg/mL (~348.87 mM)
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~279.10 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.98 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.98 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.98 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (279.10 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7910 mL | 13.9548 mL | 27.9096 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5582 mL | 2.7910 mL | 5.5819 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2791 mL | 1.3955 mL | 2.7910 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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