3-Methylbutanamide; NPS-1776;Isovaleramide; NPS 1776; NPS1776;
| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 5g | |||
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| Targets |
Isovaleramide targets multiple pathways to exert its pharmacological effects. It inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity, which is involved in alcohol metabolism. It also regulates the GABAergic system, which is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter system in the central nervous system. This modulation of GABAergic signaling is believed to contribute to its anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, and hypnotic effects. Additionally, it targets fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH3A2) as a modulator. Its action on these targets underlies its potential therapeutic applications in neurological and metabolic disorders.
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| ln Vitro |
Isovaleramide is an anticonvulsant molecule isolated from Valeriana pavonii, it inhibits the liver alcohol dehydrogenases. It is isolated from the most active fraction of Valeriana pavonii. Isovaleramide (300 µM) exhibits a 42% of inhibition of the binding of ³H-FNZ to its sites in the in vitro assay. Isovaleramide is without effect at concentrations up to 1000 μM in a variety of in vitro neurotransmitter binding or uptake assays, suggesting that its action does not involve a direct receptor-mediated effect at those systems studied. Isovaleramide (0.15%) induces the formation of nitrile hydratase in Rhodococcus sp. YH 3-3.
In vitro, Isovaleramide functions as an inhibitor of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenases. This inhibitory activity has been characterized in enzymology studies using purified enzyme preparations. The compound's ability to regulate the GABAergic system has also been demonstrated in vitro, indicating its potential as a modulator of neuronal excitability. These in vitro studies confirm its mechanism of action as an ADH inhibitor and GABAergic modulator, making it a useful research tool for neurological and enzymology studies. |
| ln Vivo |
Isovaleramide (100 mg/Kg, p.o) evidences a 90% index protection against the maximal electroshock seizure in mice (MES). Isovaleramide produces a consistent pattern of signs at relatively high doses in extensive safety studies in rats, rabbits, and dogs. Isovaleramide shows a significantly lower potential for reproductive toxicity than VPA in several reproductive toxicity studies conducted in mice, rats and rabbits. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular enzyme assays for Isovaleramide typically involve measuring its inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. These assays use purified ADH enzyme and a spectrophotometric substrate, such as ethanol or a synthetic alcohol, to measure the rate of enzymatic reaction in the presence of varying concentrations of Isovaleramide. The compound's ability to inhibit ADH is assessed by determining the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) or inhibition constant (Ki). Such assays are essential for characterizing its mechanism as an ADH inhibitor and for quantifying its potency.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Isovaleramide are conducted using neuronal cell cultures to assess its effects on GABAergic signaling and neuronal excitability. Cells are treated with Isovaleramide, and changes in GABA receptor activity, neurotransmitter release, or neuronal firing rates are measured using electrophysiological techniques or calcium imaging. These assays help to confirm its mechanism of action as a GABAergic modulator at the cellular level. Additionally, cell viability assays can be performed to evaluate its cytotoxicity and safety profile in vitro.
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| Animal Protocol |
100 mg/Kg, p.o Mice |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Isovaleramide is an orally active compound with a molecular weight of 101.15 g/mol. It is classified as a second-generation valproic acid amide analogue. Its pharmacokinetic properties have been studied in preclinical models, and it has been clinically investigated for epilepsy and migraine. As a small, neutral amide, it is expected to be well-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and to cross the blood-brain barrier due to its lipophilic nature. Its half-life and other pharmacokinetic parameters would be important for determining its dosing regimen in clinical settings.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Comprehensive toxicological data for Isovaleramide are limited, as it is primarily a research compound. However, as a derivative of valproic acid, it may share some of the toxicological properties of valproate, such as hepatotoxicity and teratogenicity. It has been clinically investigated for epilepsy and migraine, indicating that it has undergone some safety evaluation. As with all research compounds, appropriate safety precautions should be taken when handling Isovaleramide. It is not an approved drug and is available only for research purposes.
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| References |
Biomedica.2010 Apr-Jun;30(2):245-50;Epilepsy Res.2004 Sep-Oct;61(1-3):1-48.
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| Additional Infomation |
3-Methylbutyramide is a carboxyimide acid. Isovalerate has been reported to exist in Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum, and relevant data are available.
Isovaleramide (3-Methylbutanamide) is a naturally occurring anticonvulsant molecule isolated from Valeriana pavonii. It is an orally active compound that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and regulates the GABAergic system. It exhibits antiepileptic, anxiolytic, sedative, and hypnotic effects. Isovaleramide is a second-generation valproic acid amide analogue and has been clinically investigated for epilepsy and migraine. It is not an approved drug and is available as a research compound for neurological and enzymology studies. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H11NO
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| Molecular Weight |
101.15
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| Exact Mass |
101.084
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| CAS # |
541-46-8
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| Related CAS # |
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| PubChem CID |
10930
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
0.901g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
232°C
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| Melting Point |
135 °C
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| Flash Point |
232°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.425
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| LogP |
1.218
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
7
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| Complexity |
68.5
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
SANOUVWGPVYVAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H11NO/c1-4(2)3-5(6)7/h4H,3H2,1-2H3,(H2,6,7)
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| Chemical Name |
3-Methylbutanamide
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| Synonyms |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (20.56 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (20.56 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 9.8863 mL | 49.4315 mL | 98.8631 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.9773 mL | 9.8863 mL | 19.7726 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9886 mL | 4.9432 mL | 9.8863 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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