![Ibotenic Acid [(RS)-Ibotenic acid; DL-Ibotenic acid]](/upload/0201/6374167693676059941396864166.png)
| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Ibotenic acid targets NMDA receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors (trans-ACPD receptors). It is an agonist at both receptor types. However, only activation of NMDA receptors is involved in ibotenic acid neurotoxicity. By activating NMDA receptors, it causes an influx of calcium ions into neurons, leading to excitotoxicity and neuronal death. This property makes it a valuable tool for studying glutamate receptor function and neurodegenerative mechanisms.
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| ln Vitro |
In the central nervous system, amitanic acid (Ibo) operates on both NMDA and trans-ACPD receptors; however, Ibo toxicity has only been linked to NMDA receptor activation. When cortical neurons are exposed to amitanic acid for five minutes, the release of acid dehydrogenase into the culture medium indicates that the acid is hazardous (EC50=77.3±8 μM; n=5) [1].
Ibotenic acid is a potent agonist at NMDA receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Its activity at NMDA receptors mediates neurotoxicity and phosphoinositide hydrolysis. It is capable of acting at both NMDA and trans-ACPD receptors in the CNS. Its agonist activity has been confirmed in various electrophysiological and biochemical assays. It is used as a tool to study glutamate receptor function. |
| ln Vivo |
Ibotenic acid mediates neurotoxicity in vivo through the activation of NMDA receptors. It is used as a neurotoxic agent to lesion specific brain regions in animal models, allowing researchers to study the function of these regions and the mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Its neurotoxic effects are dose-dependent and can be blocked by NMDA receptor antagonists.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The primary in vitro assay for Ibotenic acid involves measuring its ability to activate NMDA receptors. This can be performed using electrophysiological techniques, such as patch-clamp recording, on neurons or cells expressing NMDA receptors. The compound is applied to the cells, and the resulting inward currents are measured. Radioligand binding assays can also be used to measure its affinity for NMDA receptors.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular experiments for Ibotenic acid involve treating neuronal cultures with the compound and measuring its effects on cell viability, calcium influx, and downstream signaling pathways. The induction of excitotoxicity is assessed by measuring cell death using LDH release or MTT assays. Intracellular calcium levels are measured using fluorescent calcium indicators. The activation of downstream signaling pathways, such as MAPK or PI3K, can be assessed by Western blot.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Ibotenic acid involve stereotaxic injection of the compound into specific brain regions to create localized lesions. The effects of these lesions on behavior, physiology, and neurochemistry are then studied. The compound can also be administered systemically to study its effects on the CNS, but its neurotoxic effects are primarily studied through direct injection.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Ibotenic acid has a molecular weight of 158.11 g/mol and a molecular formula of C5H6N2O4. It is a small, water-soluble amino acid. It is typically used as a research reagent and is stored as a powder at -20°C for long-term stability. Its purity is typically ≥98%. It is also known as (RS)-Ibotenic acid and DL-Ibotenic acid.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Ibotenic acid is a potent neurotoxin and is highly toxic to neurons. It is a research compound that is not intended for human use. Extreme caution should be exercised when handling this compound. It should be used only by trained personnel in a laboratory setting with appropriate safety precautions. Its neurotoxic effects are mediated through NMDA receptor activation.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Ibotenic acid is a non-protein α-amino acid with neurotoxic effects. It has been reported in Amanita gemmata, Amanita muscaria, and other organisms with relevant data. Ibotenic acid is a chemical compound naturally found in mushrooms such as Amanita muscaria and Amanita pantherina. It is a potent neurotoxin used as a brain-damaging agent and has been shown to have high neurotoxicity when directly injected into the brains of mice and rats. Ibotenic acid was initially isolated in the 1960s from Amanita ibotengutake, a Japanese mushroom very similar to Amanita pantherina. (L1141) Ibotenic acid is a neurotoxic isoxazole compound (similar to phycocyanine and muscarinic acid) found in Amanita mushrooms. It can cause motor inhibition, ataxia, and changes in mood, perception, and sensation, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.
Ibotenic acid is a potent agonist at NMDA receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors. It is a naturally occurring amino acid found in Amanita muscaria. Due to its ability to activate NMDA receptors, ibotenic acid is used in research to study excitatory neurotransmission and neurodegenerative diseases. It is also used as a neurotoxic agent to lesion specific brain regions in animal models. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H6N2O4
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| Molecular Weight |
158.11200
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| Exact Mass |
158.032
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| CAS # |
2552-55-8
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| PubChem CID |
1233
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.7±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
458.8±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
141-147 °C
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| Flash Point |
231.3±28.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.610
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| LogP |
-1.07
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
235
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
IRJCBFDCFXCWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H6N2O4/c6-4(5(9)10)2-1-3(8)7-11-2/h1,4H,6H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
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| Chemical Name |
2-Amino-2-(3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)acetic acid
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| Synonyms |
(RS)-Ibotenic acid DL-Ibotenic acid Ibotenate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~5 mg/mL (~31.62 mM)
DMSO : ~5 mg/mL (~31.62 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (3.16 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 5.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (3.16 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 5.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (3.16 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 8.67 mg/mL (54.84 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.3247 mL | 31.6236 mL | 63.2471 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2649 mL | 6.3247 mL | 12.6494 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6325 mL | 3.1624 mL | 6.3247 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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